草坪冠层特征对蒸散量影响的研究进展  

Effects of Canopy Characteristics on Evapotranspiration of Turf:a review

作　　者：朱钦[1] 苏德荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学"省部共建-森林培育与保护"教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《草地学报》2010年第6期884-890,共7页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目草坪高效低成本养护技术研究与集成示范(2006BAD16B09)资助

摘　　要：我国水资源供需矛盾日益突出,城市绿地草坪用水成为人们关注的焦点。草坪蒸散量作为草坪合理灌溉的重要指标,一直以来受到广泛的重视,成为草坪研究的热点问题之一,一些研究结果已经成为指导草坪灌溉系统规划设计和用水管理的重要依据。本文对上世纪80年代以来国内外林业、作物生产及草地草原等领域内的九十余篇文献进行了归纳整理,从生理生态学原理、模型建立及运用等方面对草坪冠层特征与蒸散量的关系进行了综述,并提出了需要进一步研究的几个问题。草坪蒸散量除了受气象条件影响外,草坪冠层结构是影响草坪蒸散量的另一个主要因素。叶面积指数、茎叶密度、冠层生长速度、叶倾角、枯草层等表征冠层特征的参数作为影响草坪蒸散的植物因子,和气象因子、土壤水分因子一起决定了草坪的总蒸散量。同时,由于冠层特征容易受管护措施的影响从而直接或间接影响蒸散,人们可以通过合理的养护管理降低草坪耗水量,促进节水。在林业和作物生产中,基于冠层参数的植物水分蒸散模型已广泛运用于蒸散量的预报、预测,但针对城市绿地草坪的蒸散模型研究为数不多。草坪冠层具有结构简单、稳定的特性,为利用草坪冠层参数,建立草坪冠层参数和蒸散量之间的函数关系提供了便利。研究草坪冠层特征与蒸散量的关系,对于草坪蒸散量的预测预报,指导节水灌溉具有重要意义。Water consumption of urban green turfgrass draws people′s attention as the conflict of water resources supply and demand has become prominent increasingly in our country.Turfgrass evapotranspiration（ET）,as an important indicator of turfgrass reasonable irrigation,has attracted a widespread attention and become one of the hot spots concerning turfgrass researches.Some research results have already become guidelines for the design of turfgrass irrigation system and the management of water consumption.This review summarized over 90 papers from home and abroad on forestry,crop production and the prairie since the 1980s.Relationships of turf canopy structure and ET was reviewed from physiological ecology,modeling and its application.Several issues were proposed to further study.Turfgrass ET is also affected by turfgrass canopy structure besides climate.Leaf area index,leaf density,canopy growth rate,mean tilt angle and thatch characteristics are the parameters of canopy characteristics.The total ET of turf is determined as biology factor along with atmosphere condition and soil moisture availability.In addition,canopy characteristics are subjected to be influenced by management measures which directly or indirectly affect ET.Both turf ET and water consumption could be reduced by rational conservation and management.Plant ET model based on canopy parameters has been widely applied to predict ET in forestry and crop production.However,researches on ET model of urban turfgrass are rarely reported.Turf canopy is stable and simple structured,it is convenient to establish the functional relationships between canopy parameters and ET.The relationships between turf canopy characteristics and ET has important influence on both forecasting urban turf ET and guiding water-saving irrigation.

关 键 词：草坪蒸散 冠层特征 叶面积指数 节水灌溉 综述 

分 类 号：S688.4[农业科学—观赏园艺]