破伤风抗毒素皮试及脱敏注射方法的对比性研究  

Comparative study of tetanus antitoxin skin tests and desensitization injection methods

作　　者：金友红[1] 谭萍华[1] 杨春华[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学附属常熟医院,常熟市第一人民医院护理部,215500

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2010年第33期4072-4073,共2页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

摘　　要：目的 探讨破伤风抗毒素（TAT）不同剂量的皮试对结果判断的影响以及2种脱敏注射法安全性的比较.方法 将276例需要注射TAT的病人随机分为实验组和对照组,每组138例,实验组按TAT药物说明书推荐的方法,对照组按护理教科书中的常规方法.比较两组效果.结果 实验组皮试阳性5例,对照组阳性14例,阳性率分别为3.62%和10.14%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组脱敏注射后均无不良反应,但实验组脱敏注射每次的间隔时间为30 min,4次脱敏的总时间较对照组延长40 min.结论 药物说明书推荐的皮试方法阳性率较传统方法低,可有效避免皮试的假阳性率,减少病人的痛苦,但脱敏注射时病人等待的时间长,需要护士做好相关的宣教;鉴于药物说明书的法律地位高于教科书,临床用药以遵循药物说明书为宜,建议护理教材在编著过程中,应对药典和药物说明书加以参考.Objective To explore the impact of different doses of tetanus antitoxin（TAT） skin test on the results judgment and safety of two desensitization injection methods. Methods 276 patients who needed TAT were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. Each group included 138 patients. The former followed specifications provided by pharmaceutical companies while the latter followed textbook instructions.Results 5 positive cases （3.76%） were reported of the experimental group and 14 cases （ 10. 14% ） of the control group, with statistical significance （P 〈0. 05）. No adverse reactions were reported in the two groups after desensitization injection, but the interval of each desensitization injection of the experimental group was 30 minutes and total length of time for 4 injections was 40 minutes longer than the control group. Conclusions Positive rate of TAT skin test followed by company specifications is lower than that of textbook instructions, and thus false positive rate can be effectively reduced and pain of patients can be relieved. Nurses should explain to the patients that the interval of desensitization injection is long. It is suggested that pharmacopeia and drug instructions be used as references in textbook compiling because they have more legal relevance.

关 键 词：破伤风抗毒素 皮试 脱敏注射 对比研究 

分 类 号：R472[医药卫生—护理学]