砾石覆盖对抑制旱作农田土壤风蚀效果的风洞模拟  

Wind tunnel simulation of impact of gravel coverage on soil erosion in arid farmland

作　　者：孙悦超[1] 麻硕士[2] 陈智[2] 赵永来[1] 苏洁[1] 冬梅[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院,包头014109 [2]内蒙古农业大学机电工程学院,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2010年第11期151-155,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40861013)

摘　　要：针对中国阴山北麓旱作农田风蚀比较严重的现实,将旱作农田地表铺设不同覆盖度和粒径的砾石后进行风洞试验,旨在探索砾石覆盖度和粒径在抑制旱作农田土壤风蚀效果方面的作用,为采取合理的防风蚀措施提供技术依据。利用野外风洞原位测试方法,完成了6种风速下对应净风和挟沙风时的不同砾石粒径和覆盖度下的旱作农田土壤风蚀测试。结果表明:无论净风还是挟沙风,增加砾石覆盖度,旱作农田抗风蚀效率均提高,但当砾石覆盖度超过28%后,其对提升抗风蚀效率作用不大;在相同覆盖度下,随砾石粒径的增加,输沙量、抗风蚀效率略有变化,但不明显;将耕作农田地表铺设砾石,不仅能获得较好的防风蚀效果,同时利于农业耕作,该方法成本低,简单可行,是适合阴山北麓地区气候环境特点的防治旱作农田土壤风蚀的有效方法。In view of the serious impact of wind erosion for arid farmland in the northen foot of Yinshan Mountain of China,wind erosion simulation was made in arid farmland surface by laying gravel in different coverage and particle size. In order to providing technical basis for taking reasonable wind erosion preventing measures,it was explored for the effect on inhibition of gravel coverage and particle size on farmland soil wind erosion. Arid farmland soil erosion test was made in the 6 kinds of net wind and sand-driving wind with different gravel size and coverage. Whether net wind or sand-driving wind,it is showed that the anti-wind erosion efficiency of arid farmland will be improved by increasing gravel coverage. When the gravel coverage is exceeding 28%,it will have less effect on anti-wind erosion to increase coverage. In the same coverage,when the gravel size is increased,sediment discharge and anti-wind erosion efficiency will change slightly. Tillage farmland laid gravel can obtain good effect on not only preventing erosion,but also farming. The method is low-cost,simple and feasible. And this method is suitable for northern foot of Yinshan Mountain region climate characteristic,and is an effective way for arid farmland soil erosion prevention.

关 键 词：旱作农田 砾石 风洞 抗风蚀效率 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学]