四种填料滤器处理养鱼废水的硝化性能  

Nitrification of biofilters packed with four different substrates for treating mariculture wastewater

作　　者：宋奔奔[1,2] 刘鹰[1] 石芳永[3] 傅松哲[4] 刘志培[4] 张延青[3] 倪琦[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,青岛266071 [2]中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所,上海200092 [3]青岛理工大学环境工程学院,青岛266033 [4]中国科学院微生物研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2010年第11期231-236,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家863计划(2006AA100305);中科院科技行动计划项目(TJ2X2-YW-16);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD09A03)

摘　　要：为了研究不同填料对海水养殖废水处理的硝化效能,并为生物滤器硝化动力学模型的构建、生物滤器的设计与管理提供基础数据支持,本文在5个化学耗氧量/总氨氮比0、0.8、2、6、12条件下,研究了竹制空心生化球、麦饭石、陶粒和生物滤球等4种填料的生物滤器去除模拟海水养殖废水中化学需氧量和总氨氮,以及生物膜微生物种群结构和数量的变化。结果表明:在低化学需氧量/总氨氮(<6)条件下麦饭石填料的生物滤器具有最高的化学需氧量和总氨氮去除效能,最高分别可达850和21g/(m3·d)(化学需氧量/总氨氮=0.8);竹制空心生化球次之,其化学需氧量和总氨氮去除效能最高分别可达750和23g/(m3·d)(化学需氧量/总氨氮=6);陶粒略次于竹制空心生化球,其化学需氧量和总氨氮去除效能最高分别可达650和15g/(m3·d);而生物滤球效果最差,其化学需氧量和总氨氮去除效能最高分别可达650和11g/(m3·d);化学需氧量/总氨氮的升高将抑制总氨氮去除效能,但可提高化学需氧量的去除效能。在温度为15～22℃,水力停留时间为0.5h的运行条件下,生物滤器的生物膜成熟需40～50d左右:竹制空心生化球滤器最慢,约需50d;其他填料约需40d。竹制空心生化球滤器在高化学需氧量/总氨氮,较其他试验填料滤器具有更好的总氨氮去除效能,在海水养殖生产中有良好的应用前景。To explore mariculture wastewater removal capacity by biofliter and to acquire the parameters of nitrification kinetics in biofilter for promoting RAS applied study and extensive application,Bamboo Ring,Maifan Stone,Ceramic Pellet and Plastic Ball（PE） substrates were packed into different biofilters. The physical chemistry characters of substrates,COD and ammonia nitrogen removal capacity were investigated and evaluated by simulated mariculture wastewater under five C/T ratio（COD/TA N=0,0.8,2,6,12） . The results showed that 1） COD and TAN removal capacities of biofilter packed with Maifan Stone substrate were the highest under low C/T（6） ,with the highest rate of 850 and 21 g/（m3·d） （C/T = 0.8） respectively. The second was the Bamboo Ring substrate,with the highest rate of 750 and 23 g/（m3·d） （C/T = 6） respectively. As carbon concentration improving,the TAN removal rate decreased and COD removal rate increased. 2） Under the condition of 15–22℃ and HRT 0.5 h,nitrobacteria number for different substrates reached a plateau and matured in 40–50 d,Bamboo Ring in 50 d,others in 40 d. Choosing different substrate can impact the running stability of biofilter. Substrate is closely related with biofilm maturation duration and nitrification process,and affects nitrifying capacity obviously. Bamboo Ring substrate can remove TAN with the highest rate under higher C/T（6） ratio condition and has a potential in RAS production.

关 键 词：硝化 细菌 废水处理 封闭循环水养殖 载体填料 

分 类 号：S959[农业科学—水产养殖] X714[农业科学—水产科学]