隋唐墓出土的“古镜”——兼论隋唐铜镜图文的复古问题  

On Ancient Mirrors Excavated from the Sui & Tang Periods' Tombs:with Exploration into the Retro-style Bronze Mirrors of the Sui & Tang Dynasties

作　　者：范淑英[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安美术学院

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2010年第6期104-125,共22页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金："陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目<唐代千秋镜研究>课题("项目编号09JK168)成果之一

摘　　要：考古发现在隋唐墓葬中有随葬隋唐以前铜镜的现象,结合唐代文献可知,这些早于唐代铸造的铜镜应是唐人所言的"古镜"。"古镜"不仅神异、珍贵,在社会活动中也发挥一定的作用,而且影响了隋唐时期铜镜的花纹设计。从隋唐墓出土的"古镜"几乎都为汉镜的事实可知,魏晋南北朝留下来可资唐人借鉴的铜镜资源较少,所以隋唐时期复古风格的铜镜绝大多数是针对汉镜的仿制和创新,并且这一过程从隋至初唐起至晚唐从未中断。但是,唐人对"古镜"的年代、铭文及花纹认识皆不明确,这也造成了唐代工匠及道教术士假托古镜创造新镜的可能性。Archaeological discoveries have revealed the existence of bronze mirrors from previous time buried in the Sui and Tang dynasty's tombs.The Tang documents write that these bronze mirrors casted prior were called 'ancient mirrors' by the Tang people which were so precious,extraordinary and sacred that they had played a certain functional role in social events,and further influenced the designs of bronze mirrors in Sui and Tang dynasties.The fact that almost all the bronze mirrors from the Sui and Tang's tombs are Han-designed proves that there were few materials available from the Wei and Jin dynasty and the Northern and Southern period for the Tang people to learn from,thus resulting in the Han-styled reproductions and renovations among the majority of the retro-style bronze mirrors during the Sui and Tang's periods.This was later an uninterrupted process being continued from Sui and Early Tang till Late Tang dynasty.However,the Tang people had no idea of the dates,inscriptions,and decorative patterns of the 'ancient mirrors',which made it possible that the Tang craftsmen and Taoist priests produced the faked old ones as a result.

关 键 词：隋唐墓 汉镜 唐镜 复古风格 

分 类 号：K875.2[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]