切克兰德软系统思想评述  

The Review of Checkland's Soft System Thinking

作　　者：闫旭晖[1] 颜泽贤[2] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学公共管理学院 [2]华南师范大学系统科学与系统管理中心,广州510630

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2010年第12期24-30,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：切克兰德的软系统思想是系统运动史上的一个重要里程碑,它为当代系统思想的发展带来了三个重要范式转变。第一个转变是从一般系统思想向应用系统思想的转变,这个转变使系统思想彻底摆脱了一般系统思想以缺乏内容换取其普遍形式的困境。第二个转变是从硬系统思想向软系统思想的转变,它使系统思想以现象学为哲学基础来重新阐释了系统思想的内涵。第三个转变是从功能主义向诠释主义的转变,这个转变使人们对人类活动系统有目的活动意义的诠释理解成为了软系统思想解决现实世界问题的主要手段。然而,软系统思想内容存在两点不足:一是在解决人类问题情境中走向诠释主义的极端;二是软系统思想没有把系统运动最新成就吸收进来。Checkland＇s Soft System Thinking is an important milestone in western system movement history because it brings three important paradigm shifts.The first shift is that the system thinking is developed from the general system thinking to applied systems thinking.It helps system thinking get rid of the plight that it gains the universality at the cost of content.The second shift is that the applied system thinking is transferred from Hard System Thinking to Soft System Thinking.It makes phenomenology become the philosophy basis of system thinking.The third shift is that the social paradigm of applied system thinking is diverted from functionalism to the interpretive tradition.It enables the interpretation of human activity become the main method to improve real problematic situation.This paper also indicates that extreme subjectivism and conservative system concept are two important shortages for Soft System Thinking.

关 键 词：软系统思想 系统运动 范式转向 切克兰德 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]