从自然生存到技术生存再到生态生存——威廉·莱易斯的“控制自然”理论之生存生态论旨向  

From Natural to Technological and Then Ecological Existence——the Gist of Ecological Existence of William Leiss' Theory of the Domination over Nature

作　　者：吴苑华[1] 

机构地区：[1]华侨大学哲学与社会发展学院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2010年第12期75-80,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：福建省"高校新世纪优秀人才支持计划"项目;泉州市社会科学研究2010年规划项目"重新理解马克思的生态思想及当代价值"(项目批准号:2010B_YZ03)的阶段性成果;福建省社会科学规划重点项目"英美新马克思主义的‘重建历史唯物主义’研究"(项目批准号:2009A003)的资助

摘　　要：莱易斯在历史地反思"控制自然"及其观念的理论中,揭示了控制自然与人类生存的内在关系。在他看来,人类控制自然经历了由自然控制、技术控制到生态控制的曲折过程;与此相对应,人类的生存状态则经历了自然生存、技术生存到生态生存的痛苦历程;控制自然及其观念的自相矛盾性是人类痛苦生存的根源。不过,一旦人类进入生态生存状态,就将自觉地放弃控制自然而转向解放自然,自觉地与自然和谐相处,适度生产,适度消费,建设一个宜于生存的生态文明社会。In rethinking ＂the domination over nature＂ and its ideas historically,Leiss reveals the internal relationship between dominated nature and human existence.In his opinion,the domination over nature by human has a complicated process evolving from the domination of nature to the domination of technology and then to the domination of ecology;Correspondingly,Human＇s existence has a painful process from natural to technological and then ecological one.The contradiction between dominated nature and its ideas is the source of human＇s painful existence.However,once human beings enter the state of ecological existence,they will abandon the domination over nature self-consciously and turn to the liberation of nature,co-existing with nature harmoniously through moderate production and consumption,constructing an ecologically civilized society suitable for existence.

关 键 词：莱易斯 批判的生态学 生态辩证法 自然生存 技术生存 生态生存 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]