离子交换吸附法探测放射性污染  

An Ion-exchange Way for Detecting Radiological Contamination

作　　者：张玉敏[1] 朱春来[1] 李冠伦[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国船舶重工集团公司第七一八研究所

出　　处：《舰船防化》2010年第6期1-4,共4页

摘　　要：本文研究一种测定液态介质中放射性物质的氧化态,鉴别α或β放射性,并确定其数量的探测方法。这种探测方法利用离子交换膜收集放射性离子,将衰变的粒子转化为光子,并用机械栅栏测量光子。探测器分为两部分：交换室和探测元件。交换室浸泡于含有阳离子与阴离子的溶液中,当阳离子被吸附在阳离子膜上或阴离子吸附在阴离子膜上时,这些离子释放出α或β粒子,就像离子间相互碰撞发光一样。光照射光电流发生器的光子接收面,在电极、导线和测试仪表间产生弱电流。离子交换吸附法能够现场检测样品,对检测结果进行半定量分析,快速确定物质的氧化态,监测放射性是否超标,以便及时清理。Apparatus for detecting the presence, in aqueous media of substances which emit alpha and/or beta radiation and determining the oxidation state of these radioactive substances whether they are in cationic or anionic form. Each ion-exchange material comprised of a scintillation plastic and a photocurrent generator. When a radioactive substance to which the sensor is exposed binds to either element and emits alpha or beta particles, photons produced in the scintillation plastic illuminate the photocurrent generator of that element. Sensing apparatus senses generator output and thereby indicates whether cationic species or anionic species or both are present and also provides an indication of species quantity. This way can check samples in the field and determine if they are sufficiently radioactive that they require special handling. This way provides semi-quantitative information on radioactive substances.

关 键 词：离子交换 α、β放射性 阳离子状态 阴离子状态 

分 类 号：TL811[核科学技术—核技术及应用]