环甲膜穿刺反向引导气管切开术的实验研究  

Empirical study of tracheotomy backward directed by needle cricothyroidotomy

作　　者：陈犹白[1] 段瑶[1] 张海钟[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院口腔颌面外科,北京100853

出　　处：《口腔生物医学》2010年第4期190-193,共4页Oral Biomedicine

基　　金：首都医学发展科研基金(2009-3050)

摘　　要：目的探索建立在野外事故现场和战场的快速气管切开装置和方法。方法分别对6只杂种犬和6只小型猪进行环甲膜穿刺反向引导气管切开术。实验过程中,特制分段弧形环甲膜穿刺管从环甲膜刺入并推进,其尖端自然向上挑破皮肤穿出,反向引导气管切开。结果杂种犬切开时间为(2.04±0.98)min,小型猪切开时间为(2.32±1.12)min,通气迅速。同时,弧形环甲膜穿刺管在颈正中固定,不易向两侧偏移,有利于反向引导气管切开。结论此方法快速、简单、安全,所有操作单人即可完成,完善后有望应用于野外事故现场。Objective To establish a rapid equipment and method of tracheotomy for occasion of field accident or battlefield.Methods Tracheotomy backward directed by needle cricothyroidotomy was performed in six dogs and six pigs. When the specially-made bracket-shaped puncture tube was pricked into crico-thyroid membrane and pushed forward in trachea,its tip could pierce the skin easily because of the specially-made sectional curves and thus directed tracheotomy backward. Results The average operating time for a dog was（2.04±0.98）min,for a pig was（2.32±1.12）min. Tracheotomy backward directed by needle cricothyroidotomy could send air into trachea immediately through the air hole of the puncture tube. At the same time,the bracket-shaped puncture tube was fixed in the centre of neck,so it was stable and would not deviate and could help to direct tracheotomy backward.Conclusions Needle cricothyroidotomy is a rapid,easy,safe method and could be performed by only one doctor. After improving it might be used on occasion of field accident or battlefield.

关 键 词：气管切开术 环甲膜穿刺术 特制弧形环甲膜穿刺管 

分 类 号：R605.973[医药卫生—急诊医学]