增强Bt Cry毒素杀虫作用的重要途径:增效因子的利用及晶体蛋白的遗传改良  

Approaches for enhancing the insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins:application of synergistic factors and genetic improvement of crystal protein

作　　者：张丽丽[1,2] 梁革梅[2] 曹广春[2] 高希武[1] 郭予元[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院昆虫学系,北京100193 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2010年第4期525-531,共7页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：国家"973"项目子课题(2007CB109204);国家自然科学基金(30771424)

摘　　要：Bt Cry毒素广泛应用于害虫防治,但存在杀虫谱窄、活性低、靶标害虫易产生抗性等缺点。为了弥补这些不足,采取适当措施增强Cry毒素的杀虫作用十分必要。本文围绕Cry毒素的作用机理,论述了利用丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、几丁质酶、增效蛋白、钙粘蛋白片段和Cyt毒素等增效因子提高Cry毒素的杀虫活性,延缓昆虫抗性的研究进展;探讨了利用基因定点突变、蛋白融合和杂交以及晶体蛋白末端小片段的去除等分子技术手段对毒素蛋白进行遗传改良,改善Cry毒素的杀虫性能,扩大其杀虫范围。Although Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins have been widely used in the control of insect pests,some defects still exist,such as the narrow insecticidal spectrum,low insecticidal activity and easy occurrence of pest resistance in target pests. So,appropriate measures to compensate these deficiencies are necessary. In order to increase the insecticidal activity of Cry toxins and ensure its sustainability,around the mechanism of toxin action,the use of synergistic factors （serine protease inhibitors,chitinases,Ehancin,a fragment of cadherin receptor and Cyt toxins,etc.） for enhancing the insecticidal efficacy and delaying the resistance are discussed in this paper. In addition,the various technologies of genetic improvement of crystal protein：site-directed mutagenesis,hybrid and fused toxins and deletion of small fragments from the amino-terminal,are also explored to improve the toxicity and extend the insecticidal spectrum.

关 键 词：苏云金芽孢杆菌 Cry毒素 作用机理 增效因子 遗传改良 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]