长江口近岸鱼类种类组成及其多样性  

Composition and Diversity of Fish Species in the Coast of the Yangtze River Estuary

作　　者：张涛[1] 庄平[1] 章龙珍[1] 侯俊利[1] 刘鉴毅[1] 王云龙[1] 刘健 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业资源与生态重点开放实验室,上海200090 [2]上海市长江口中华鲟自然保护区管理处,上海200092

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2010年第6期817-821,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：农业部"948"计划项目(No.2009-Z33);国家"863"计划项目(No.2008AA10Z227);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(No.200903048-07);上海市长江口中华鲟自然保护区专项;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所)(Nos.2008M01;2007M023);上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目(No.08391910300)~~

摘　　要：根据2004年8月、11月和2005年2月(Ⅰ年度),2005年8月、11月和2006年2月、5月(Ⅱ年度),2007年8月、11月和2008年2月、5月(Ⅲ年度)共3个水文年对长江口近岸水域(121°32.08′～122°11.65′E,31°19.58′～31°38′N)15个取样站点11个航次的底拖网调查样品,对该水域的鱼类种类组成、生物量、丰度、优势种、生物多样性的时间和空间动态变化进行了分析.结果表明:调查水域共出现鱼类13目24科39属42种,鲈形目种类(18种)最多,其次为鲱形目(5种)和鲤形目(4种),种类组成有明显的季节变化,夏季种类数最多,冬季最少;生物量和丰度年度和季节变化明显,平均值分别为8.10 g(100 m2)-1和1.25 ind(100 m2)-1,鱼类生物量和丰度均呈显著下降趋势(Ⅲ年度<Ⅱ年度<Ⅰ年度),季节变化趋势为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季;生物多样性指数以夏季最高,春季最低,且有下降的趋势;优势种的种类与优势度季节和年度间有较大的变化,造成这种趋势的主要原因可能是与棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)和凤鲚(Coilia mystus)的繁殖和索饵洄游有关.To explore the status and dynamics of fish species composition and diversity in the coast of the Yangtze River estuary（121°32.08′～122°11.65′E,31°19.58′～31°38′N）,fish species were investigated at 15 sampling stations using bottom trawl from Aug.2004 to Feb.2005（Year Ⅰ）,from Aug.2005 to May 2006（Year Ⅱ） and from Aug.2007 to May 2008（Year Ⅲ）.The seasonal and annual variations in species composition,biomass,abundance,dominant species and community diversity were discussed.42 fish species were collected,belonging to 39 genera,24 families and 13 orders.Perciformes was the most abundant（18 species）,followed by Clupeiformes（5 species） and Cypriniformes（4 species）.Significant seasonal and annual variations were found in fish species composition,biomass and abundance,the number of species were higher in summer and lower in winter,and the average biomass and abundance of fish were 8.10 g（100 m2）-1 and 1.25 ind（100 m2）-1 separately.Furthermore,the biomass and abundance tended to decrease year after year（Year Ⅲ 〈Year Ⅱ 〈Year Ⅰ）,and the seasonal change was summer spring autumn winter.Biodiversity index H′ was higher in summer and lower in spring with decreasing tendency in a year.The composition of dominant species and dominance greatly differed seasonally and annually,because of the breeding and feeding migration of Collichthys lucidus and Coilia mystus.

关 键 词：长江口 鱼类 种类组成 生物量 丰度 优势种 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]