世界油页岩开发利用现状及预测——并记2010年国内外两次油页岩会议  

Development and Utilization of World Oil Shale——Two Oil Shale Symposiums held in 2010

作　　者：李术元[1] 钱家麟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京),北京102249

出　　处：《中外能源》2011年第1期8-18,共11页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：介绍了世界油页岩开发利用现状,并记2010年美国第30届国际油页岩会议及国内油页岩年会上的主要报告内容。重点介绍了中国、爱沙尼亚、巴西、美国、加拿大、德国、约旦和澳大利亚等15个国家的油页岩最新发展。当前,世界上油页岩干馏生产页岩油的国家有中国(55×104t/a)、爱沙尼亚(40×104t/a)和巴西(18×104t/a),爱沙尼亚还正建设颗粒页岩干馏新工艺的大型工业装置,中国则正引进颗粒页岩干馏的大型工业装置,并自主创新筹建粉末及颗粒页岩干馏的工业试验装置。美国至今仍无页岩油的工业生产,但现有约30家公司、研究所和大学在进行油页岩地下和地上干馏炼油的开发和基础研究。当前,世界上利用油页岩燃烧产汽发电的国家有爱沙尼亚、中国、以色列等,爱沙尼亚油页岩电站生产规模很大(所发电量占其所需电力的94%),其他国家规模较小。中国页岩油仍不断增产,并在引进和自主开发油页岩干馏生产页岩油的新工艺。由于中国当前每年进口大量原油,对外依存度超过50%,故页岩油的生产受到重视。国家发改委等制定有支持油页岩产业发展的政策和税收优惠的规定。中国预测的页岩油资源很丰富,但探明储量不够多,建议在"十二五"期间加强勘查,落实更多可采储量,才可能使页岩油生产量大幅增加。中国石油大学(北京)编写了油页岩专著的英文本,于2010年6月由中国石化出版社出版,面向全世界发行。This paper describes the latest development and utilization of oil shale worldwide and summarizes the main reports made on the 30th International World Oil Shale Conference held in the United States in 2010.The article focuses on recent oil shale development in 15 countries including China,Estonia,Brazil,the United States,Canada,Germany,Jordan and Australia.In 2010,three countries are producing shale oil using the dry distillation method,i.e.China（55×104t/a）,Estonia（40×104t/a） and Brazil（18×104t/a）.Estonia is also building large commercial particulate oil shale retorts.China has imported commercial particulate oil shale retorting units and is planning to build demonstration plants for retorting powdered and particulate oil shale using its own technology.The United States has no commercial production of shale oil till now,but about 30 companies,universities,and research institutes in the United States are being engaged in the development and basic research into retorting shale underground or above the surface.Currently,three countries are using oil shale to produce steam to generate electricity,i.e.,Estonia,China and Israel.Estonia has the largest oil shale-based power generating capacity in the world（representing 94% of its total electricity output）,while the other two countries have much less capacity.China′s shale oil output is growing and the country is developing,and is also importing,oil shale retorting technology.As China currently needs to import large amounts of crude oil each year（its reliance on imported crude has passed 50%）,great importance has been attached to the production of shale oil.The National Development and Reform Commission has published policy and tax incentives to boost the growth of the oil shale industry.According to estimates,China has rich shale oil resources although not very much reserve has been proven in place.The author of this article suggests strengthening the exploration of oil shale to prove more recoverable reserves in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan peri

关 键 词：油页岩 国际会议 页岩油 油页岩电站 铝甄含油率 干馏 

分 类 号：F416.22[经济管理—产业经济]