黄土高原沟壑区粮食生产中的生态成本  

Ecological cost of grain production in gully area of Loess Plateau

作　　者：李晓[1] 谢永生[1,2] 张应龙[1] 李文卓[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2010年第12期3168-3174,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD09B10;2006BAD15B01-03);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX-YW-09-07);中国科学院农业项目(KSCX2-YW-N-46-04)资助

摘　　要：以黄土高原沟壑区的陕西省长武县为研究对象,应用生态学和经济学方法,对粮食生产生态成本进行了初步研究.结果表明:2008年该区粮食生产生态损失总价值相当于当年种植业总产值的7.2%;小麦和玉米生态成本已分别达到2.42和2.12元·kg-1,而出售单价分别为1.70和1.28元·kg-1,高成本低收益的情况对该区域生态经济可持续发展产生不利影响;利用灰色关联对粮食生产生态成本中各因素进行分析,单位产量、播种面积和农业机械费用是影响生态成本的重要因素,化肥费用和有机肥费用对其影响不大;在当前生产力水平下,适当加大科学技术投入水平,提高粮食产量,扩大家庭种植规模,可以降低生产单位粮食的生态成本.Economic and ecological methods were applied to investigate the ecological cost of grain production in the gully area of Loess Plateau. In the study area in 2008,the ecological loss due to grain production was 7. 2% of the total crop output,and the ecological cost reached 2. 42 yuan· kg -1 for wheat and 2. 12 yuan·kg -1 for corn. However,the per unit sales were 1. 70 yuan·kg -1 for wheat and 1. 28 yuan·kg -1 for corn. The combination of high production cost and low income affected the sustainable development of local ecological economy. The analysis of grey relationships among various factors affecting the ecological cost of grain production indicated that yield,sown area,and agricultural mechanical cost were the important factors affecting the ecological cost of grain production,while chemical fertilizer cost and organic fertilizer cost had less impact on the ecological cost of grain production. Under current production conditions,the ecological cost of grain production in the area could be reduced by raising the level of scientific and technological inputs, expanding the scale of family agricultural production,and improving the grain yield.

关 键 词：粮食生产 生态成本 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济] F205