滴头流量对干旱区膜下滴灌棉田土壤盐分变化的影响  

Effects of emitter discharge rate on soil salt dynamics in cotton field under drip irrigation with mulching condition in arid regions

作　　者：苏里坦[1] 玉米提[2] 宋郁东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中科院新疆生态与地理研究所,中国科学院绿洲生态与荒漠环境重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区水利厅水土保持技术推广中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2010年第6期889-895,共7页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划973项目(2009CB421302);国家自然科学基金项目(40601019);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划项目(RCPY200602)共同资助

摘　　要：通过膜下滴灌大田试验研究了3种不同滴头流量处理（I：1．8L/h、II=2．6L／h、III=3．2L／h）下滴灌对棉田土壤盐分变化的影响。结果表明：滴灌结束后，空间尺度上土壤盐分的水平和垂直运移距离均随着滴头流量的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势，在时间尺度上，随着时间的推移，土壤盐分呈现从膜下到膜间的迁移趋势。在滴水定额为4500m3／hm2条件下，在0—40cm土层内，3种滴头流量处理下滴灌之后土壤平均含盐量均呈明显的减小趋势，处理I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的脱盐率分别为13．5％、40．4％、14．6％，其中处理Ⅱ的脱盐效果最好，其次是处理11I；而在0—120cm土层内，所有处理下的土壤平均含盐量的下降幅度均不明显。在0—40cm土层内，3种滴头流量处理下棉花收获后土壤平均含盐量均呈减小的趋势，但在0—120cm土层中，膜间土壤呈积盐状态，其中处理Ⅱ的积盐率最小，为1．9％，因此采用2．6L／h的滴头流量为最适宜的滴水强度，这对于浅层（根层）土壤盐分的淋洗作用明显。Because of the irrigation regime and natural factors, soil salinization has become more and more severe in arid regions. Making an appropriate irrigation regime to leaching soil salinity is a key scientific issue under drip irri- gation in the silt loam soil in arid region. A 3-year field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of dif- ferent drip irrigation regimes on soil salinity distribution and cotton yield at Akesu Agricultural Ecosystem National Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Based on the field experiment, the effects of three different emit- ter discharge rates of 1.8 L/h, 2.6L/h and 3.2 L/h on soil salt dynamics in cotton field were studied under drip irrigation with mulching condition in arid regions. The results show that the redistribution of soil water determinates the distribution of soil salt. Throughout cotton growing season, the average water content of soil was arising gradually. The peak cure of soil salt under mulch moved downward with the increases of drip irrigation discharge rates, the drip irrigation discharge rates increased from 1.8 L/h to 2.6 L/h, peak value of soil salt moved downward from 45 cm to 65 cm. On the other hand, the soil salinity had a decreasing trend from emitter distance with the increasing of emitter discharge rate after drip irrigation. The peak cure of soil salt under mulch moved downward with the in- creases of drip irrigation discharge rates for all treatments except 3.2 L/h treatments because of the capability of in- filtration of porosity of soil less than the drip irrigation discharge rate. The peak cure of soil salt under mulch de- creased in the order 2.6 L/h 〉 1.8 L/h 〉 3.2 L/h after irrigation. The soil salinity moved gradually from deep soil to surface soil and moved slowly from under mulch to inter-mulch simultaneously with elapse time. Under the drip irrigation amount of 4 500 m3/hm2, in 0 -40 cm soil layer, the average soil salinity decreasing evidently under three treatments after irrigation, their desalinization rates w

关 键 词：滴头流量 膜下滴灌 棉花 土壤盐分 变化 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]