抑制油菜菌核萌发的真菌分离及其生防研究初报  

Isolated fungal strains of inhibiting sclerotia germination and primarily study of biocontrol

作　　者：胡小加[1] 张明海 余常兵[1] 谢立华[1] 程雨贵 李银水[1] 刘胜毅[1] 方小平[1] 张春雷[1] 廖星[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,农业部油料作物生物学重点开放实验室,湖北武汉430062 [2]湖北省宜昌市农业科学院,湖北宜昌443202

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2010年第4期567-570,576,共5页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30870451);“十一五”国家科技支撑计划(2010BAD01B05);国家农业产业技术体系(nycytx);农业部油料作物生物学重点开放实验室开放课题(201007);中国农业科学院科技项目(201012)

摘　　要：从武汉地区种植油菜的灰潮土土壤中分离得到三种真菌,分别是短帚霉(Scopulariopsis brevicaulis)、哈茨木霉菌(Trichoderma harzianum)和棘孢曲霉(Aspergillus aculeatus)。25℃共培养2周后发现,三种真菌的菌株对油菜核盘菌菌核的致死率分别为95.6%、78.9%和83.3%。用哈茨木霉菌Tri-1和棘孢曲霉Asp-1制作而成的生防制剂用于盆栽试验,结果表明盆栽芝麻(旱地作物)和水稻(水田作物)种植60d后,土壤中埋植的菌核萌发率分别下降27.3%和38.0%;继而后作油菜60d后,重新埋植的菌核萌发率分别下降16.1%和18.3%。Three fungi,as Scopulariopsis brevicaulis,Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus aculeatus were isolated from grey fluvoaquic soil at Wuhan （E113°41′,N29°58′）.They exhibited abilities to inhibit sclerotia germination of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,a pathogen of canola.Their lethal rates were 95.6%,78.9% and 83.3%,respectively,after 2 weeks of coculture at 25℃.The strains of Tri1 and Asp1 were then made into bioproduce for pot trails.Results showed that germination rate of embedded sclerotia decreased 27.3% and 38.0% respectively when planting sesame （dry farming crop） and rice （paddy field crop） 60d later.Furthermore,the following canola planting using the bioproduct led to sclerotia germination decrease of 16.1% and 18.3% respectively.

关 键 词：油菜 核盘菌 短帚霉 哈茨木霉菌 棘孢曲霉 生防 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]