多边贸易体制互惠原则探析——兼论多边贸易体制对发展中和“非市场经济”成员的差别待遇  

The Principle of Reciprocity in the Multilateral Trading System

作　　者：张斌[1] 韩润江[1] 

机构地区：[1]东华大学

出　　处：《国际商务研究》2011年第1期22-31,共10页International Business Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"‘非市场经济’国家与多边贸易体制的政治经济关系研究"(项目编号:06CGJ008)

摘　　要：互惠是人类合作关系的基石,国际贸易协定将之作为基本原则原因正在于此。在多边贸易体制中,互惠虽未得到明确界定,但却被公认与最惠国共同构成其两个基本原则,互惠是双边谈判的动因和策略,最惠国则是双边谈判成果多边化的实现机制。与最惠国的有条件性和无条件性相对应,互惠有特定和一般之分。由于一般互惠缺乏严格的减让对等和利益平衡,多边贸易体制始终是特定互惠和一般互惠的混合,并在对发达成员、发展中成员和"非市场经济"成员分别强调不同互惠待遇的基础上,形成了一个三层结构。Reciprocity is the building block of human cooperative relationship. This is the reason why international trade agreements regard it as their fundamental principle. In the multilateral trading system, though not definitely defined, reciprocity, together with the most-favored-nation principle, is one of its pillars. Reciprocity is the motivation and strategy for bilateral negotiation, while most-favored-nation is a mechanism to make that bargaining result multilateral. Corresponding to the conditional and unconditional MFN, there are two kinds of reciprocity： specific and general. As the general reciprocity does not strictly emphasize equivalent concession and interest balance, the multilateral trading system is a mixture of specific and general reciprocity and has developed into a three-tier structure for the treatment among developed, developing and non-market-economy members.

关 键 词：多边贸易体制 互惠 最惠国 

分 类 号：F741[经济管理—国际贸易]