辩证思维降低攻击性倾向  

Dialectical Thinking Reduces Aggressive Tendencies

作　　者：张晓燕[1] 高定国[1] 傅华[2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学心理学系、社会文化与精神健康研究中心,广州510275 [2]广州科技职业技术学院,广州510550

出　　处：《心理学报》2011年第1期42-51,共10页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：广东省科技发展项目(2008B080701041);广东省哲学社会科学重点项目(08SXZ001);中山大学985项目资助

摘　　要：辩证思维是一套根据变化原则、矛盾原理和整体论原理看待世界的思维模式。本研究从思维模式对攻击性影响的角度出发,采用相关研究及启动范式探讨辩证思维对攻击性的影响。研究一是一个相关研究,结果显示,辩证思维与攻击性呈显著负相关。在研究二和研究三中,操纵了辩证思维。在研究二中,在启动被试的辩证思维后,与控制组相比,他们的攻击性行为倾向显著降低。在研究三中,对控制组的指导语进行了修改并且增加了启动效应检查程序,也获得了与研究二类似的结果,即实验组被试的辩证思维量表得分显著提高,而攻击性量表得分和攻击性行为倾向显著降低。通过中介效应分析,也发现启动操作对攻击性的影响是通过增加辩证思维程度实现的。以上系列研究表明,辩证思维可以降低攻击性行为倾向。People process information in fundamentally different ways. When people think dialectically, they tend to be holistic, reconcile contradictions, and emphasize changes. There are marked differences in the cognitive processes between dialectical thinkers and analytical thinkers, including categorization, causal attribution, reliance on rules, use of logic, and preference for dialectical understanding of events （Nisbett ＆ Masuda, 2003）. It is believed that the origin of these differences can be traced back to different social systems so that East Asians （including Chinese） tend to be dialectical whereas Westerners tend to be analytical （Nisbett, Peng, Choi,＆ Norenzayan, 2001）. Because dialectical thinking emphasizes reconciliation and constant able to increase people＇s tolerance of differences, reduce extreme attitudes, and decrease Here we hypothesize that dialectical thinking reduces aggressive tendencies, which is differences and fueled by extreme attitudes. We initiate a new line of research on whether affects people＇s aggression level. changes, it may be extreme behaviors. often initiated by dialectical thinking The present research examines the impact of dialectical thinking on aggressive behavior. In particular, we sought to provide the first test of a new mechanism by which dialectical thinking might reduce aggressive tendencies. Study 1 is a correlation study. We measured both dialectical thinking tendencies and aggressive tendencies. In Study 2 and Study 3, we primed participants with dialectical thinking and examined their choices of weapon in a bear-shooting game. We want to see whether increased dialectical tendencies are associated with reduced aggressive tendencies. In Study 1, participants with dialectical thinking tendencies, measured by a dialectical thinking assessment scale （Chiu, 2000）, tended to express themselves in a nonaggressive way, as measured by the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire （Buss ＆ Perry, 1992）. In Study 2, compared with the control group, partic

关 键 词：辩证思维 攻击性 思维模式 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]