农户收入差异对生活用能及生态环境的影响——以江汉平原为例  

Influences of rural households′ income differences on living energy consumption and eco-environment: a case study of Jianghan Plain,China

作　　者：杨振[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第1期239-246,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(CCNU09A01016)

摘　　要：以江汉平原为例,通过入户调查方式获取基础数据,利用层次分析法考察农村居民收入差异对生活用能选择的影响,并采用生态足迹模型测算不同收入农户生活能源消费的生态环境效应。研究发现:(1)能源属性对不同收入农户的选择行为影响较大,高收入农户对舒适性、卫生性较强的电力能源消费较多;中、低收入农户则消耗了较多的薪柴、秸秆等非商品能源,比较关注能源的经济性;(2)能源消费数量及生态环境效应因农户收入不同而存在显著差异,高收入农户每年人均消费数量较多,为533.89千克标准煤,分别比低收入和中收入农户高出25.24千克标准煤、7.32千克标准煤;高收入农户每年人均用能足迹最多,为2.1569hm2,分别是低收入和中收入农户的5.87倍、2.58倍;(3)随着收入水平的不断提高,农户生活用能数量增多和消费结构的"商品化"、"高碳化"倾向十分明显,总足迹的增长主要来源于商品能源的消费增长。研究成果有助于理解和解决当前日趋严峻的能源供需矛盾和温室气体减排问题,为制订合理的节能减排策略、优化农村用能结构提供参考依据。As a result of the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization,the pressure in reducing the greenhouse gas emission is increasing because of incremental demand for energy in China which is one of the largest developing countries in the world,and there are immense rural regions as well as a large amount of rural residents in it.During the process of rural modernization,the residents′ income and the living level have greatly improved.In the meantime,it can be obviously detected that the living energy consumed by rural residents has risen strikingly recently,and the main energy consumption is transformed from biomass energy into modern commercial energy which would certainly worsen the contradiction of demand and supply in domestic energy market,and would impose a heavier stress on dealing with the problems caused by climate change.However,only a little attention has been given to energy-saving and emission reduction in China′s rural regions due to various reasons. Jianghan Plain,located in Hubei Province which is a central district in China,is an alluvial plain formed by Yangtze River and Han River.It serves as one of the most important and typical commodity grain base in China and has the strong heterogeneity both in natural and humanities geography.This thesis,taking Jianghan Plain as an example,has obtained the basic data through household surveys and investigated how different income of rural households affected the choices of living energy by using Analytic Hierarchy Process（AHP）.Then,the emission quantity of CO2、CH4、N2O is evaluated according to the emission factors.In addition,the ecological footprint model is utilized to calculate the living energy′s eco-environmental effects based on the income level.The study results show：（1） households′ living energy consumption is distinct according to different income levels which result in energies of diverse properties to be chosen.High-income households have consumed much more electric energy which is sanitary and clear,while low-in

关 键 词：收入差异 生活用能 生态足迹 农户 江汉平原 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]