加强人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的职业防护对策  

Precautious strategies for occupational exposure to HIV/AIDS

作　　者：崔素芬[1] 胥碧芬[1] 熊良仕[1] 吴贤敏[2] 张兴碧[1] 任亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]川北医学院附属医院感染科,四川南充637000 [2]川北医学院病理学学生科技创新小组,四川南充637000

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2011年第2期328-329,共2页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的了解医务人员人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)感染的职业暴露的危险度,探讨改进和加强HIV/AIDS感染的职业防护对策。方法回顾性调查医院2005年1月-2009年11月收治的72例HIV/AIDS感染患者的诊断、合并感染、临床特征等因素;针对这些因素制定相应对策。结果单纯HIV感染者25例(34.7%)、AIDS患者42例(58.3%)、不确定患者5例(7.0%);合并感染以乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染(57.8%)为首;传播途径分别为:性传播(25.0%)、血液传播(8.3%)及不详(66.7%)。结论 HIV/AIDS患者及其合并感染HBV、HCV、苍白密螺旋体、结核逐年增多;部分医务人员重视不够、缺乏筛查、患者故意隐瞒致使医务人员HIV/AIDS职业暴露危险度增加;加强HIV/AIDS知识培训、重视筛查、提高沟通交流技巧以及规范临床技能是减少医务人员HIV/AIDS职业暴露的重要措施。OBJECTIVE To identify the risk of medical staff occupational exposure to HIV/AIDS and explore the strategies for improving and strengthening HIV/AIDS prevention.METHODS The diagnosis,concurrent infection,prognosis,clinical characteristics and other factors of HIV/AIDS patients in hospital from Jan 2005 to Nov 2009 were investigated retrospectively.RESULTS Twenty-five patients were HIV mono-infected patients（34.7%）,forty-two patients were AIDS patients（58.3%）,and five patients were not identified（7.0%）.Twenty-seven cases co-infected HBV（57.80%）.Sixteen cases died,others were discharged automatically or after treatment improvement.The main occupation was migrant worker（62.5%）.18 cases were infected via sexual transmission（25%）.6 cases were infected via blood transfusion.The transmission of other 48 patients was unknown.CONCLUSIONS It suggests that HIV/AIDS and co-infection HBV,HCV,syphilis,tuberculosis are increasing year by year.Because of inadequate attention and lack of screening by partial medical staff,or deliberately concealing by patients,it leads to increase the risk of medical staff to occupational exposure of HIV/AIDS.To strengthen the training knowledge of HIV/AIDS,pay attention to screening and improve communication skills and standard clinical skills are important measures to reduce the chance of occupational exposure to HIV/AIDS.

关 键 词：人类免疫缺陷病毒 艾滋病 职业暴露 医务人员 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]