坡向差异对广东古兜山自然保护区蕨类植物多样性的生态影响  

The ecological response of fern diversity to different slopes in Gudoushan Nature Reserve,Guangdong

作　　者：严岳鸿[1] 何祖霞[1] 苑虎[2] 邢福武[3] 

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学生命科学学院,湖南湘潭411201 [2]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093 [3]中国科学院华南植物园,广州510650

出　　处：《生物多样性》2011年第1期41-47,137-139,共7页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目(2007BAC03A08-8);香港嘉道理农场暨植物园生物多样性基金

摘　　要：为揭示坡向差异对蕨类植物多样性的生态影响,作者在广东新会古兜山自然保护区海拔1,000m以下的中低山植被东、南、西、北4个坡向,分别选取10个5m×5m的样方进行调查,分析蕨类植物群落多样性和种类组成的差异。结果表明:(1)东坡(半阴坡)与北坡(阴坡)物种多样性最丰富,而西坡(半阳坡)和南坡(阳坡)相对贫乏;(2)4个坡向的相似性系数均很低(不超过0.5),其中南坡(阳坡)与北坡(阴坡)间种类组成差异最大;(3)反映热量差异的区系地理性质分析显示,热带性质蕨类植物在阳坡占优势,而非热带性蕨类在阴坡占优势,南坡、西坡、东坡、北坡的热带成分比例依次下降;(4)反映光照条件的植物耐荫程度分析显示,阴性种类占优势,阳性和耐荫性种类较少,其阴性蕨类植物的比例依南坡、西坡、东坡、北坡顺序增加;阳性蕨类植物比例最高的坡面是西坡,而最低的是东坡,南坡的比例稍高于北坡。研究结果显示坡向差异对蕨类植物物种及其生态习性的多样性分布格局具有比较明显的影响,蕨类植物多样性可以作为环境和气候变化的一个较好的指示物种。In order to examine the effect of slope differences on fern diversity,we chose 10 plots（5×5 m2 for each plot） on east-,west-,south-,and north-facing slopes,with altitudes ranging from 20 to 986 m in Gu-doushan Nature Reserve,Xinhui,Guangdong,China.We obtained the following results：（1） Species abun-dance on the east-and north-facing slopes were high,while that on the west-and south-facing slopes were low.（2） Similarity indices of ferns in different slope orientations were low（0.5）,which suggested that ori-entation significantly influenced fern diversity.The difference between the south-and north-facing slopes（similarity index,0.2895） and the similarity between west-and south-facing slopes（similarity indices,up to 0.4643） were the most obvious.（3） Tropical ferns were dominant in sunny slopes,while non-tropical ferns were dominant in shady slopes.The percentage of tropical ferns on the south-,west-,east-,and north-facing slopes decreased,while that of non-tropical ferns increased.（4） Shade ferns were dominant in shady slopes,while sunny ferns were dominant in sunny slopes;the number of shade ferns regularly increased on the south-,west-,east-,and north-facing slopes.These results clearly indicated how light and heat on different slopes affected fern diversity and suggested that fern diversity could be a good indicator of environmental and climatic changes.

关 键 词：蕨类植物 坡向 生物多样性 生态适应性 指示作用 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]