儿童颅脑外伤致昏迷患者下呼吸道感染的危险因素及护理对策分析  

ANALYSES ON RISK FACTORS AND NURSING STRATEGY FOR LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION IN PEDIATRIC COMA PATIENTS SECONDARY CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA

作　　者：常波[1] 郑卓双[1] 方坚玲[1] 黄博亭[1] 林翘[1] 林卓美[1] 

机构地区：[1]汕头大学医学院第一附属医院神经外科,广东省汕头市515041

出　　处：《中国煤炭工业医学杂志》2011年第1期105-106,共2页Chinese Journal of Coal Industry Medicine

摘　　要：目的研究颅脑外伤致昏迷患儿下呼吸道感染的危险因素,并采取相应的护理措施降低感染率。方法采用回顾性临床研究,将2006年1月—2010年4月入住神经外科的68例颅脑外伤致昏迷患儿,按有无建立人工气道分为二组;患儿按GCS评分分:轻型、中型及重型昏迷。所有患儿均实行常规和呼吸道护理。结果人工气道组感染率为77.5%,明显高于无人工气道组(32.1%,P<0.05);GCS评估为轻型组的感染率为30%,明显低于中型组52.9%,而重型组感染率最高为80.6%。结论人工气道的建立,极低的GCS评分是儿童颅脑外伤致昏迷的下呼吸道感染的重要危险因素;加强呼吸道护理,促进颅脑外伤的康复是预防下呼吸道感染的重要策略。Objective To study the risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection the coma in pediatric coma patients secondary craniocerebral trauma and to take appropriate nursing to reduce the rate of infection.Methods With a retrospective clinical study,68 of pediatric coma patients with secondary craniocerebral trauma from January 2006 to April 2010 were admitted.All patients were divided into two groups based on the establishment of artificial airway.Meanwhile,patients were divided into mild,moderately,and severely group based on the score of Glasgow Coma Scale（GCS）.All patients were accepted routine nursing and respiratory nursing.Results The infectious rate of lower respiratory tract in artificial airway group（77.5%） was higher than no artificial airway group（32.1%）.The infectious rate in mild group（30.0%）was lower than moderately group（52.9%）,in severely group was the highest（80.6%）.Conclusion The establishment of artificial airway and low GCS score is the risk factors for lower respiratory tract infection in pediatric coma patients with secondary craniocerebral trauma.To improve the respiratory nursing and promote the rehabilition of coma of craniocerebral trauma is the important strategy for prevention of lower respiratory tract infection.

关 键 词：昏迷 气管插管 下呼吸道感染 护理 儿童 

分 类 号：R56[医药卫生—呼吸系统]