亚里士多德分析理论的现代启迪  

The Modern Enlightment from Aristotle's Analysis Theory

作　　者：王健平[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学政治与行政学院,广州510631

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2011年第1期1-6,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划项目<指称问题研究>(08JA72040001)的阶段成果;教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目<现代逻辑背景下的逻辑哲学研究>(07JJD720045)的资助

摘　　要：对语言意义的分析古希腊就已开始。亚里士多德用"分析能力"表示自己的主张,其分析的初始环节是语词分析。《范畴篇》通篇讨论语词的涵义与指称。作为命题主词,亚氏的"第一实体"与弗雷格的"对象"表面类似,实质不同。亚氏关于第二实体可作命题主词的主张与其通名理论密切相联。属种关系分析在亚氏理论中占有极重要地位。对量词的不同分析结果根源于对"存在"的不同理解和解释。虽然亚氏未分析命题主词所指的存在并不全面,但逻辑分析学派把主词所指局限于现实世界同样有失偏颇。对于提高分析能力来说,掌握方法固然重要,但更重要的是对语言分析宗旨的明确。The analysis of language meaning began in Ancient Greece.Aristotle expressed his ideas with the＂analytical ability＂,where the first step of his analysis was lexical items.In Categories,Aristotle talked about the sense and reference of words.Although Aristotle＇s＂primary sub-stance＂seems similar to Frege＇s＂object＂,the two differ in essence.Aristotle＇s claim that the secondary substance can be the proposition object was closely related with his Generic theory.Analysis about the relationship between species and genus plays a vital role in his theory.The differences in analysis of quantifiers derive from differences in the understanding and interpretation of＂existence＂.Although Aristotle did not made out that the existence of propositional object was not comprehensive,the school of modern logic analysis faces the same problem.To im-prove the analytical ability,explicating the purpose of language analysis is more important than controlling the method.

关 键 词：分析 指称 存在 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]