饮用水消毒副产物:化学特征与毒性  

DRINKING WATER DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS:CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND TOXICITY

作　　者：赵玉丽 李杏放 

机构地区：[1]Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology,University of Alberta,10-102 Clinical Sciences Building,Edmonton,AB

出　　处：《环境化学》2011年第1期20-33,共14页Environmental Chemistry

摘　　要：饮用水消毒过程中消毒剂与天然有机物(NOMs)反应生成消毒副产物(DBPs).本文针对氯、氯胺、二氧化氯、臭氧4种主要消毒方式产生的消毒副产物,综述了10类DBPs的化学特性、毒性和分析方法.具体包括:三卤甲烷(THMs)、卤乙酸(HAAs)、溴酸盐(BrO3-)、亚氯酸盐(ClO2-)、卤乙腈(HANs)、致诱变化合物(MX)、卤代硝基甲烷(HNMs)、碘代酸(IAs)、亚硝胺(NMs)以及卤代对苯醌(HBQs).Disinfection of drinking water is essential to and effective for the prevention of water-borne diseases.While achieving deactivation of microbial pathogens to minimize the acute risk,an unintentional consequence is the formation of disinfection byproducts（DBPs） resulting from reactions of disinfectants with natural organic materials（NOMs） in water.Epidemiological studies show potential associations of increased risk of bladder cancer and adverse health effects with DBPs.Balancing microbial risk with chemical risk is challenging for public health protection.Currently,the most commonly used disinfectants are chlorine,chlorine dioxide,chloramines and ozone.Here we provide an overview of chemical characterization,toxicity and analytical methods of 10 classes of DBPs,including trihalomethanes（THMs）,haloacefic acids（HAAs）,bromate（BrO-3）,chlorite（ClO-2）,haloacetonitriles（HANs）,mutagen X（MX）,halonitromethane（HNMs）,iodo acids（IAs）,N-nitrosodimethylamines（NMs） and halobenzoquinones（HBQs）.We will discuss the challenges and opportunities in the research of DBPs and health effects.

关 键 词：饮用水 消毒副产物 化学特征 毒性 

分 类 号：TU991.2[建筑科学—市政工程]