三峡库首移民安置区土地资源、移民经济状况及移民满意度的调查与分析  

INVESTIGATION OF LAND RESOURCES,ECONOMIC STATUS AND SATISFACTION LEVEL OF RESETTLERS IN RESETTLEMENT REGION OF HEAD PART OF THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR

作　　者：马力[1] 夏立忠[1] 李运东[1] 杨林章[1] 吴电明[1,2] 程训强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008 [2]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2011年第1期21-27,共7页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目"重大工程生态环境效应监测与评估"第一课题"三峡工程蓄水运行生态环境影响跟踪评估研究"(KZCX1-YW-08-01);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2005CB121108)

摘　　要：针对三峡工程蓄水和移民搬迁对库首地区农业生产和居民生活造成的影响,对移民安置前后三峡库首地区的秭归、兴山、巴东等县乡镇土地资源状况进行了统计分析,并选择典型乡镇移民户作为研究对象,实地调查了移民安置区移民户的经济收支情况及其对移民安置的满意度。结果表明:三峡工程蓄水后,库区低海拔地区耕地淹没,农村可用耕地总量减少,人均耕地也有所减少,人地资源矛盾比较突出。移民主要收入来源为劳务、种植业和养殖业收入,其中劳务收入比例较大,农户家庭经济支出主要是以生活支出为主,移民搬迁对部分农民经济收入产生较大影响。移民搬迁以后,库区农村的居住环境、住宅条件、生活条件和交通条件均较移民前有明显改善,农户普遍比较满意。库首地区的移民政策落实较好,大部分人对未来发展充满信心,对三峡工程表示支持和肯定。搬迁安置对农村生态环境状况产生了影响,存在自然灾害和病虫害增多,农村废弃物处理设施不足等问题,应当引起政府对库区生态环境问题的足够重视。Water storage of the Three Gorges Project（TGP）and resettlement has many influences on agricultural production and farmers＇ living conditions in the rural areas.Under this background,land resources of Zigui,Xingshan and Badong county,economic status and satisfaction level of resettlers of typical villages and towns in the area of head part of the TGR were investigated.The results showed that after water storage of the TGP,cultivated lands in low elevation area were submerged in the TGR area.Total land resources in reservoir area significantly decreased,and thus the human-land conflict was further intensified.The main income source of resettlers were personal service,crop farming,fish and livestock breeding,in which personal services income accounted for a large part,and the main expenditure of family economy of migration households was living expenses.Resettlement had significant effects on peasants＇ income.After resettlement,the residential environment,housing,living and traffic conditions were improved,and resettlement policies were well implemented.In the area of head part of the TGR,most resettlers were filled with confidence for future and supported the construction of the TGP.The ecological environment in rural areas in the TGR area was significantly influenced,the natural disasters,plant diseases and insect pests became increased,and the facilities of waste treatment were deficiency,which should be paid enough attention by the local government.

关 键 词：三峡库首地区 移民安置 土地资源 经济状况 满意度 调查 

分 类 号：F126[经济管理—世界经济]