洞庭湖区畜禽排泄物的环境效应  

ANALYSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS FROM LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY EXCREMENTS IN DONGTING LAKE

作　　者：彭瑛[1,2] 李丽立[1] 吴信[1] 张彬[3] 印遇龙[1] 李凤娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所湖南省畜禽健康养殖工程技术研究中心中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南广播电视大学理工部,湖南长沙410004 [3]湖南农业大学经济动物研究所,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2011年第1期73-78,共6页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30972118);国家十一五支撑计划(2008BADA7B00;2008BADC4B08);湖南省重大专项(2009FJ1005);湖南省自然学科基金资助项目(08JJ3080)

摘　　要：洞庭湖湿地是长江中游重要的生态功能区,其生态功能的退化制约了湖区经济的可持续发展。近些年来,随着湖区集约化畜牧业的迅速发展,畜禽粪尿等排泄物对湖区生态环境构成了严重威胁。从畜禽养殖量、粪尿等污染物的年排泄量、粪便猪粪当量及负荷量、土地畜禽粪便负荷承受程度4个方面估算并分析了洞庭湖各县(市区)畜禽养殖业的环境威胁性。结果表明:2007年洞庭湖区各类畜禽粪尿排泄总量为3 172.79万t,相当于猪粪当量2 921.13万t。全年畜禽粪尿流失总量达1 110.48万t。畜禽排泄物中年流失化学需氧量50.80万t,氨氮7.81万t。从畜禽粪便负荷量警报值及分级结果看,畜禽排泄物对岳阳楼区、汩罗市的环境威胁比较严重,对云溪区、临澧县、武陵区、岳阳县、津市市和湘阴县生态环境亦有一定的影响。As the most important Eco-functional districts of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,Dongting Lake wetland＇s ecological functions restrict the sustainable development of economy in this area.With the rapid development of husbandry,the waste from livestock seriously threatens to the ecological environment of regional lake.Judging from the amount of livestock and poultry,environmental threats from excretions of livestock and poultry in Dongting Lake counties（urban）were estimated and analyzed in this study,which included the amount of livestock wastes such as feces and urine,feces equivalent capacity of swine,extent of land to bear the animal manure load.The results showed that various kinds of animal feces and urine excretion of Dongting Lake area were 31.727 9 million t in total,equivalent to pig feces equivalent of 29.211 3 million t,in 2007.The run-off amount of livestock and poultry manure reached a total of 11.1048 million t.The amount of COD and ammonia from livestock and poultry excretions were more than 508 000 and 78 100 t.Jugding from livestock and poultry manure load alarm value and the classification outcome,Yueyang Tower district and Miluo City had more serious threats.Ecological environment of Cloud River area,Linli County,Wuling district,Yueyang County,Jinshi City,and Xiangyin County were affected.

关 键 词：洞庭湖 粪便排泄量 粪便负荷量 湿地生态环境 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]