不同土壤水分对滴灌春小麦生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Different Soil Moisture on Growth,Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Spring Wheat Under Drip Irrigation

作　　者：王冀川[1] 徐翠莲[1] 韩秀锋[1] 高山[1] 徐雅丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2011年第1期115-119,共5页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:30960188);新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室开放课题(编号:200803);兵团"科技人员服务南疆专项"(编号:2010GG71)

摘　　要：在南疆干旱气候生态条件下,以矮秆品种新春22和高杆品种新春19为试验材料,研究了滴灌条件下不同土壤水分对春小麦生长、产量及水分利用效率(WUE)的影响,结果表明:拔节-扬花期是春小麦水分敏感期,水分亏缺将显著影响小麦株高、生物量、叶面积和产量形成。各水分处理中T2(出苗-拔节期、拔节-扬花期、扬花-乳熟期田间相对含水量分别为65%-70%、70%-75%、65%-70%)的产量、WUE和收获指数(HI)最高,其次是T4(出苗-拔节期相对含水量为45%-50%,其余时期同T2),其WUE、HI、穗粒数和粒重与处理T2差异不显著,在调亏灌溉中此处理是经济可行性的。不同基因型品种对土壤水分反应有差异,矮秆品种新春22受水分调控较大,各处理的耗水量均低于新春19,是个节水型品种。研究表明南疆春小麦实现高产节水的适宜滴灌量范围:矮秆品种为318.86 mm-368.72mm,高杆品种为394.52 mm-458.14mm。A soil moisture controlled experiment under drip irrigation was conducted under the ecological and climatic conditions of South Xinjiang to study the effects of soil moisture on shoot growth, grain yield and water use efficiency （WUE） of spring wheat with tall variety of Xinchun 19 and dwarf variety of Xinehun 22 . The results indicated that the moisture-sensitive stage of spring wheat was at jointing to flowering stage and water deficit would significantly affect plant height, biomass, leaf area and yield components. In all water treatments, the soil relative？moisture content of T2 at emergence to jointing, jointing to flowering and flowering to milk maturation being 65%-70%, 70%-75% and 65%-70%, respectively, showed a highest values of grain yield, WUE and harvest index（HI）. The soil relative moisture content of T4 at emergence to jointing being 45%-50% and at other stages being the same as T2, was the secondary in grain yield, and its WUE, HI, number of kernels per spike and grain weight were no significant difference compared with T2, so T4 was economically feasible in deficit irrigation. Different genotypes had different response to soil moisture. Dwarf variety of Xinchun 22 was susceptible to soil moisture, and its water consumption of each treatment was below Xinchun 19, so it was a water saving cultivar. Studies showed that the suitable amount of drop irrigation for dwarf variety and tall variety in South Xinjiang were 318.86 mm -368.72mm and 394.52 mm -458.14mm respectively.

关 键 词：土壤水分 滴灌 春小麦 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学] S275.6