多枝柽柳与梭梭光合器官形态解剖结构的生态适应性  

Ecological Adaptation of Morphological and Anatomical Structure of Photosynthetic Organs of Tamarix ramosissima and Haloxylon ammodendron

作　　者：公维昌[1] 庄丽[1] 赵文勤[1] 占东霞[1] 张莉[2] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学生命科学学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]石河子大学分析测试中心,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2011年第1期129-136,共8页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD20B0901;2007BAC15B06;2007BAC17B06);国家自然科学基金项目(40871059;40871239);石河子大学项目(Q9YY200814;500002061602)共同资助

摘　　要：多枝柽柳与梭梭是准噶尔盆地南缘荒漠的建群植物。对克拉玛依市农业综合开发区外围荒漠4种不同生境下多枝柽柳与梭梭光合器官的形态解剖特征进行比较,结果表明,多枝柽柳主要依靠其系统演化性状,角质层厚度、栅栏组织厚度及叶表皮细胞厚度等生态适应性状以及特殊适应性结构适应荒漠环境;梭梭主要依靠其系统演化性状和特殊适应性结构实现对荒漠的适应。对比多枝柽柳与梭梭光合器官的可塑性发现,多枝柽柳与梭梭对适宜生境水、盐的要求不同,梭梭较多枝柽柳具有更宽的生态幅和更好的耐受性。多枝柽柳适宜生境土壤含水量范围为3.55%～9.4%,土壤电导率为948.47～1 759.64μs·cm^-1;梭梭适宜生境土壤含水量范围为0～3.93%、8.02%～9.4%,土壤电导率为657.48～4 380.0μs.cm-1。Tamarix ramosissima and Haloxylon ammodendron are constructive species in the southern desert of Junggar Basin.The study compares the morphological and anatomical features of photosynthetic organs of Tamarix ramosissima and Haloxylon ammodendron in 4 kinds of desert habitats surrounding Karamay agricultural development region.The results show that Tamarix ramosissima adapts to the desert environment by its systematical evolution characters,ecological adaptation characters（in which cuticle thickness,palisade tissue thickness,epidermal cells thickness of leaf are contained）,and special adaptability structures.Haloxylon ammodendron relies on its systematical evolution characters and special adaptability structures to adapt to the desert environment.Comparing the plasticity of photosynthetic organs of Tamarix ramosissima and Haloxylon ammodendron,different requirements for water and salt of the two plants have been found： Haloxylon ammodendron has wider ecological amplitude as well as better tolerance.When the soil water content ranges from 3.55% to 9.4%,and soil electrical conductivity ranges from 948.47 μs·cm-1 to 1 759.64 μs·cm-1,the habitats are good for Tamarix ramosissima.When the soil water content ranges from 0 to 3.93%,8.02% to 9.4%,and soil electrical conductivity ranges from 657.48 μs·cm-1 to 4 380.0 μs·cm^-1,the habitats are good for Haloxylon ammodendron.

关 键 词：多枝柽柳 梭梭 解剖结构 生态适应性 表型可塑性 

分 类 号：Q944.5[生物学—植物学]