盐尘暴及其生态效应  

Saline Dust Storm and Its Ecological Effects

作　　者：刘东伟[1,2] 吉力力.阿不都外力 雷加强[1] 武广洋[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2011年第1期168-173,共6页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41071139;40671170);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(200821162)资助

摘　　要：总结了盐尘暴的概念及其一般特征,系统分析了盐尘暴的发生条件、分布、扩散沉积和生态效应。盐尘暴是由干旱、半干旱地区干涸湖底蒸发盐风蚀所致的一种化学尘暴;大面积松散富盐沉积物和频繁的大风天气是其发生的基本条件;盐尘暴扩散过程中沉积通量和化学组分随迁移距离表现出明显的分异规律;盐尘暴扩散导致干旱区"盐随风来",致使土壤盐渍化,加剧冰雪消融,抑制植物叶片对营养元素的正常吸收。系统认识盐尘暴对干旱区灾害防治和生态建设具有重要指导意义。In many arid and semiarid regions,saline playas represent a Significance source of unconsolidated sediments available for aeolian transpot,and severe salt dust storms become frequent due to human disturbance.In this study,saline dust storms are systematically reviewed from the aspects of concept,characteristics,occurring conditions,distribution and ecological effects.The results reveal that saline dust storm is a kind of chemical dust storm rising from the dried-up lake bed in arid and semiarid regions;large area of unconsolidated salt-rich sediments（saline playa sediments） and frequent strong wind weather are the basic occurring conditions of saline dust storm;there are spatial differentiation characteristics in sediment flux and chemical composition of saline dust storm with diffusion distance;the diffusion of saline dust storms makes glaciers melting and results in soil salinization to some extent.To systematically understand saline dust storm is important to disaster prevention and ecological construction in arid and semiarid regions.

关 键 词：盐尘暴 干涸湖底 风蚀 生态效应 

分 类 号：P445.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]