氮素实时管理对夏玉米产量和氮素利用的影响  

Effect of In-Season Nitrogen Management Strategy on Maize Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

作　　者：叶优良[1,2] 黄玉芳[1] 刘春生[2] 曲日涛[2] 宋海燕[2] 崔振岭[3] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院/河南省高校资源与环境工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002 [2]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [3]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《作物学报》2011年第1期152-157,共6页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2009CB118606);农业部公益性行业科研专项(200803030);引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划)重大项目(2006-G60)资助

摘　　要：为实现氮素效率和玉米产量的协同提高,以山东省泰安市和兖州市为试验地点,连续3年在4个田块上进行了基于土壤硝态氮测试的氮素实时管理,结果表明,优化施氮处理产量比农民习惯施肥增加2.73%～14.22%,平均增产7.90%;氮肥用量比习惯施肥减少36.80%～53.85%,平均减少44.75%。与农民习惯施肥相比,优化施氮处理氮素吸收效率增加13.68%～115.91%,氮肥表观利用率增加44.26%～377.89%,氮肥农学效率增加54.31%～271.31%,氮肥偏生产力增加53.38%～141.23%,产/投比增加37.35%～93.18%。说明应用土壤硝态氮测试进行氮肥实时管理可以明显减少玉米氮肥用量,提高氮肥利用效率,增加产量和经济效益。In order to improve maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency cooperatively,in-season nitrogen management strategy based on soil nitrate nitrogen test was conducted for three years in four fields at Tai＇an and Yanzhou city of Shandong province.The results showed that compared with farmers traditional fertilization,maize grain yields of optimized nitrogen management were increased by 2.73%–14.22%,averaged 7.90%,nitrogen rates were reduced by 36.80%–53.85%,averaged 44.75%,nitrogen uptake efficiencies were increased by 13.68%–115.91%,nitrogen recovery efficiencies were increased by 44.26%–377.89%,ni-trogen agronomy efficiencies were increased by 54.31%–271.31%,nitrogen partial factor productivities were increased by 53.38%–141.23%,value cost ratios were increased by 37.35%–93.18%.It suggested that in-season nitrogen management strategy based on soil nitrate nitrogen test could reduce maize nitrogen rate,increase nitrogen use efficiency,improve grain yield and value cost ratio.

关 键 词：玉米 硝态氮 产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]