住宅权宪法保障的类型化分析——比较法的视角  

A Typical Study of Constitutional Protection to Housing Right——On Comparison Angle

作　　者：欧爱民[1] 宋迎娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学法学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《湘潭大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2011年第1期58-63,共6页Journal of Xiangtan University:Philosophy And Social Sciences

基　　金：湖南省社会科学基金项目"二元宪法论"(06ZC69)阶段性成果

摘　　要：纵观世界各国宪法,住宅权宪法保障范围包括:生活住宅与商业住宅,固定住宅与移动住宅,个体住宅与集体住宅。不同类型的住宅,其受宪法保障的力度存在差异。在美国,除明确规定的例外情形,对生活住宅的搜查一律适用令状主义原则:对刑事搜查适用严格的令状主义原则,对行政搜查适用相对的令状主义原则。商业住宅、移动住宅虽然也受令状主义原则的保护,但存在广泛的例外情形。行政机关可以基于"最密规范行业理论"、"机动理论"分别对商业住宅、移动住宅实施无证搜查。集体住宅因存在数个权利主体,其令状主义原则的例外情形存在特殊规则,美国联邦法院适用"共同权限理论"解决第三者同意搜查的问题。According to international standards,profecting realmoe housing right can be divided into life housing,commercial housing; immovable housing,movable housing; individual housing,collective housing. The extent to constitutional protection is different for different types of housing. In America,except for clearly specified cases,the principle of writs is absolutely applied to the search of life housing：strict principle of writs is applied to criminal search,relative one is applied to administrative search. Although commercial housing and movable housing are also protected by principle of writs,there are comprehensive exceptions. Administrative branch may search for commercial and movable housing without writs on the basis of ＂closely regulated business doctrine＂、 ＂automobile exception＂. Because there are several rights subjects for collective housing,the exceptional cases of principle of writs have particular rules. American federal court applies ＂common right theory＂ to solve the matter of consent search of the third party.

关 键 词：住宅类型 住宅权 宪法保护 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]