气象条件和栽培因素对高产小麦生长发育的影响研究  

Effect of Weather Conditions and Cultivation Factors on the growth and Development of High yield Wheat

作　　者：孙本普[1] 李萌 刘锋 李秀云[1] 

机构地区：[1]滨州职业学院,山东滨州256624 [2]山东省邹平县长山镇农技站,山东邹平256200 [3]山东省滨州市气象局,山东滨州256612

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2011年第1期21-29,共9页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：滨州市"十一五"科技攻关项目[滨科计字(2008)第23号]

摘　　要：研究了不同年份的温、光、水对高产小麦生长发育的影响,探明了影响小麦冻害、最高群体及穗数、穗粒数和千粒重的主要气象因子与次要因子;提出了最佳播期、适期上限、适期下限播种的冬前主茎叶龄数;确定了冬前不同主茎叶龄数与播种期、播种量的关系;明确了在中、上等土壤肥力条件下公顷产量为7 500.0～9 000.0 kg的施肥量,氮肥基施、冬前和拔节期追施的比例;制定了冬前肥水的积温指标和拔节肥水的生物学指标。研究成果可作为黄淮海地区小麦高产栽培的参考。Effects of temperature,light and water on the growth and development of high yield wheat in different years were studied,and the main and secondary meteorological factors affecting wheat freezing injury,the highest population,ear number,seeds per ear and 1000-seed weight were verified.Leaf number on the main stem before winter was proposed for determining the best sowing date and the upper and lower limit of suitable sowing date.The relationship between leaf number on different main stem and sowing date as well as sowing amount was analyzed.The proportion of N fertilizer application as base,before winter and at the jointing stage was suggested for a yield level of 7 500.0~9 000.0 kg/hm2 under medium and high soil fertility conditions.The temperature target of fertilizer and water quantity before winter and the biological target of fertilizer and water quantity at jointing stage were finalized.The above results could be used as references for high yield cultivation of wheat in Huang-huai-hai region.

关 键 词：气象条件 栽培因素 高产小麦 穗数 穗粒数 千粒重 主茎叶龄 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S318