火山、泥火山/泥底辟及含气陷阱与油气运聚关系  

Volcanoes,mud volcanoes/mud diapers and gas traps and their relationship with oil and gas

作　　者：何家雄[1] 祝有海[2] 马文宏 陈胜红 龚晓峰[1] 崔莎莎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院边缘海地质重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037 [3]中海石油有限公司湛江分公司,广东湛江524057 [4]中海石油有限公司深圳分公司研究院,广东广州510240

出　　处：《中国地质》2010年第6期1720-1732,共13页Geology in China

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2007CB41170501)和(2009CB219501)联合资助

摘　　要：火山、泥火山/泥底辟及含气陷阱这些特殊的地质体,不仅是揭示地球深部构造运动的窗口和地球深部流体活动特点的表征,而且其与油气运聚关系密切,具有非常重要的油气地质意义。火山与泥火山/泥底辟的主要差异及区别是所形成的物质基础及源动力不同,前者主要反映地壳深部地球动力学过程,其物资基础来源于火山幔源活动上侵和喷发的岩浆物资;后者则是在结晶基底以上的沉积盆地中,由快速沉积充填的欠压实泥页岩发生塑性流动而产生底辟上拱所形成的产物,其物质基础为巨厚欠压实泥页岩。含气陷阱则为气侵或富含气地层所形成的地震反射畸变之痕迹。火山、泥火山/泥底辟发育演化及展布与油气运聚成藏存在明显的成因联系和耦合关系,且控制和制约了沉积盆地中油气分布与聚集。Volcanoes,mud volcanoes/mud diapers and gas traps not only serve as windows of tectonic movement and symptoms of fluid movement in the deep earth but also have intimate relationship with the migration and accumulation of oil and gas.The differences between volcanoes,mud volcanoes and mud diapirs constitute the material base and dynamics.The volcanoes serve as the symptom of deep earth dynamic system and their material base stems from the upward movement of the mantle and the igneous magma in the depositional basin over the crystalline basement,whereas the mud volcanoes/mud diapers are mud diapirs of the uncompacted argillaceous shale whose material base was the heavy uncompacted argillutite.The gas trap is the trace of gas upward migration or gas layer seismic reflection distortion.Volcanoes,mud volcanoes,mud diapirs have origin-coupled relationship with the migration and accumulation of oil and gas and control the distribution and accumulation of the oil and gas.

关 键 词：火山及火山活动 泥底辟/泥火山 含气陷阱 地质地球物理特征 油气运聚特点 

分 类 号：P618.130[天文地球—矿床学]