几种微灌灌水器均匀度试验研究  

An Emitter Uniformity Test of Several Micro-irrigation

作　　者：李岚斌[1] 朱德兰[2] 张琛[1] 牛文鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2010年第12期22-25,47,共5页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金："863"计划(2010AA10A302);国家科技支撑项目(2007BAD88B05;2007BAD3808-02-02);农业科技创新专项(CX200909)

摘　　要：对国产的2种压力补偿式滴头、3种稳流器、1种内镶式滴灌管和1种发丝滴头进行了水力性能测试,分析灌水器不同工作压力区间内的流态指数,并以制造偏差和流态指数为主要影响因素,对灌水器进行了水力性能评价。结果表明：压力补偿式灌水器存在最优压力区间,在此区间内灌水器流态指数较小、水力特征曲线平滑;非压力补偿式灌水器在整个压力区间内流态指数稳定、水力特征曲线稳定连续;供试的5种压力补偿式灌水器制造偏差系数较大,为0.14~0.30,而2种非补偿式灌水器制造偏差系数较小（0.02左右）。通过灌水器流态指数、制造偏差系数对综合流量偏差系数的影响的分析表明：灌水器制造偏差对系统灌水均匀度的影响很大,在进行微灌工程水力设计时,应给予高度重视。The hydraulic characteristic experiments for two kinds of domestic pressure-compensated emitters,three kinds of steady flow devices and one in-line cylindrical emitter are tested.The emitter flow exponent in different pressure units and manufacturing variation are analyzed.The results show that pressure-compensating emitters have an optimal pressure range,in which the flow exponent is comparatively small and the water characteristic curve is smooth.The non-compensating emitters have stable flow exponent in all pressure range and water characteristic curve is stable and continuous.The all tested pressure-compensating emitters＇ manufacturing variation coefficients change from 0.12 to 0.30.Both non-compensating emitters manufacturing variation coefficients are 0.02.The results show that the emitter manufacturing variation influence largely on the irrigation uniformity.The emitters with small manufacturing variation coefficients should be chosen first in micro-irrigation design.

关 键 词：微灌灌水器 工作压力区间 流态指数 制造偏差 均匀度 

分 类 号：S277.99[农业科学—农业水土工程]