新疆阜康荒漠区不同生境鸟类群落的季节变化  

Seasonal changes of bird communities in different habitats in desert region of Fukang,Xinjiang

作　　者：陈莹[1,2] 马鸣[1] 李维东 胡宝文[1,2] 丁鹏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]新疆环境保护科学研究院,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2011年第2期273-280,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2008BAC39B04);国家自然科学基金项目(30470262和30970340)资助

摘　　要：从2009年3月—2010年2月,在新疆准噶尔盆地阜康荒漠区采用样线法对比研究自然和人工生境鸟类群落的季节变化。共调查到鸟类147种,隶属17目、38科、90属,其中,夏候鸟占总数量的49.8%、留鸟31.1%、过境鸟(旅鸟)13.2%、冬候鸟5.9%,表明研究区主栖夏候鸟。留鸟占总物种数的13.9%,在各类生境中均有分布,相对于其他居留型的鸟类,留鸟更可能成为该生境的优势种;湖泊拥有最高的鸟类α多样性指数(4.861)和物种数(106种),是荒漠区夏候鸟栖息或停歇的重要场所;以Morisita相似性指数0.5为界,将不同生境分为湖泊、荒漠和农田3大类,前二者属于自然生境,其季节周转率以春夏季最高,之后持续下降;农田吸引了68.5%的冬候鸟个体,其季节周转率以春夏季最低(0.934),夏秋季最高(1.154)。沙枣林带的保留和种植对提高阜康荒漠区农田冬候鸟多样性至关重要。An investigation was conducted to study the seasonal changes of bird communities in the natural and artificial habitats in Junggar Basin and near-foothills of Tianshan Mountains （Fukang,Xinjiang） from March 2009 to February 2010. Twelve line transects were installed in five habitats. A total of 147 species belonging to 17 orders,38 families,and 90 genera were recorded. The amounts of summer visitors,residents,passers-by,and winter visitors occupied 49.8%,31.1%,13.2%,and 5.9%,respectively,indicating that the study region was mainly inhabited by summer visitors. Of the total species number,residents occupied 13.9% and distributed in various kinds of habitat,suggesting that relative to other species,residents were more likely to become the dominant species in the region. Having the highest Shannon index （4.861） and species richness （106 species）,lakes were the most important breeding grounds and stopovers for summer visitors. Based on the Morisita similarity index,all habitats were clustered into three types,i.e.,lake,desert,and farmland. Lake and desert habitats belonged to natural ones,in which,the seasonal turnover rate of birds peaked between spring and summer and declined then; while farmland,as an artificial habitat,attracted 68.5% of winter visitors,with the lowest turnover rate of birds between spring and summer （0.934） and the highest turnover rate of birds between summer and autumn （1.154）. To preserve and plant Elaeagnus angustifolia forest belt would help to the increase of winter visitors＇ diversity in the farmlands in Fukang,Xinjiang.

关 键 词：荒漠鸟类群落 季节周转率 α多样性指数 农田 准噶尔盆地 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]