不同蜂在温室草莓园的访花行为和传粉生态学比较  

Flower-visiting behavior and pollination ecology of different bee species on greenhouse strawberry

作　　者：陈文锋[1] 安建东[1] 董捷[1] 丁克法 高山 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所农业部授粉昆虫生物学重点开放实验室,北京100093 [2]北京源霖生物技术有限公司,北京100095

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2011年第2期290-296,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30901055);中国农业科学院院长基金项目(09ZN009);公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(nyhyzx07-041);国家蜜蜂产业技术体系建设专项项目资助

摘　　要：应用意大利蜜蜂、本土小峰熊蜂和引自欧洲的地熊蜂3种蜂在北京为温室草莓传粉,对其传粉行为和生态特性进行研究。结果表明:意大利蜜蜂的出巢温度、工作起点温度、平均单花停留时间和访花间隔时间均显著高于小峰熊蜂和地熊蜂(P<0.01),而这些行为在2种熊蜂之间差异不显著(P>0.05);3种蜂携带花粉回巢的比例依次为意大利蜜蜂>小峰熊蜂>地熊蜂,而其携带的花粉活性依次为意大利蜜蜂>小峰熊蜂=地熊蜂;2种熊蜂开始活动的时间比意大利蜜蜂早,日活动时间比意大利蜜蜂长;地熊蜂在一天中的活动频率最高(P<0.01);经3种蜂授粉的草莓果实营养品质差异不显著(P>0.05),与对照相比也无差异,而经过3种蜂授粉的草莓果实畸形率降低、单果质量增大;经2种熊蜂授粉的草莓果实畸形率低于意大利蜜蜂(P<0.05)。本土小峰熊蜂能够有效替代意大利蜜蜂或地熊蜂为温室草莓授粉。A comparative study was made on the flower-visiting behavior and pollination ecology of Apis mellifera,Bombus hypocrita,and Bombus terrestris on greenhouse strawberry in Beijing. As for A. mellifera,the temperature at which the bee left nest,temperature for initial working,visiting duration on a single flower,and time interval between visiting two flowers were all significantly higher （P〈0.01）,compared with B. hypocrita or B. terrestris,while the latter two bee species had no significant differences in these behaviors （P〉0.05）. The proportion of the pollens carried to the nest by the three bee species ranked as A. mellifera〉 B. hypocrita 〉B. terrestris,and the activity of the pollens carried by the bees ranked as A. mellifera 〉B. hypocrita = B. terrestris. The initial working time of B. hypocrita and B. terrestris was earlier than that of A. mellifera,and the working time within a day was longer for B. hypocrita and B. terrestris than for A. mellifera. B. terrestris had the highest working frequency within a day （P〈0.01）. The nutritional quality of the fruits via the pollination by the three bee species showed no significant difference （P〉0.05） with the control,but after the pollination,the strawberry had a lower rate of malformed fruit and a higher single fruit weight than the control. The strawberry visited by B. hypocrita and B. terrestris had a lower rate of malformed fruit than that visited by A. mellifera （P〈0.05）. For the pollination of greenhouse strawberry,native bumble bee species B. hypocrita could be effectively used in place of introduced A. mellifera or B. terrestris.

关 键 词：草莓 意大利蜜蜂 小峰熊蜂 地熊蜂 访花行为 传粉生态学 

分 类 号：S897.3[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]