发展绿色就业提升产业生态效率——基于风电产业发展的实证分析  

Promoting Green Employment and Enhancing the Eco-Efficiency of the Industry: An Empirical Study Based on Wind Energy Industry

作　　者：李虹[1] 董亮[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学经济学院,北京100871 [2]中国科学院过程工程研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2011年第1期109-118,共10页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：2007年美国能源基金会项目"中国电力产业提高能源效率和减少污染的管制行动"的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：向绿色、低碳经济转型是中国实现可持续发展的客观需求,而发展以污染预防、清洁技术、可再生能源等为核心的绿色就业是推动实现这种转型的重要力量。本文首先针对绿色就业的内涵展开分析,以生态效率理论为基础,提出绿色就业在创造工作岗位的同时改善了环境,其本质是提升产业的生态效率。然后,设计了单位装机容量就业人数以及污染物环境外部成本两个核心指标,构建了结合产业链分析与环境价值核算的发展绿色就业价值的分析方法,以发展风电替代火电为案例进行了实证研究,计算出电力行业发展绿色就业的生态效率变化。研究结果表明:相对于火电项目,发展风电在降低68万元/MW环境外部成本的同时,能够提供6.6人/MW的就业岗位,因此发展风电使得整个电力行业的生态效率得到提升。本文的研究对发展绿色就业的价值进行了量化分析,研究结论为国家制定相应产业政策提供科学参考。Transforming to green and low-carbon economy is necessary for China to pursue sustainable development,and developing green employment,which is characterized with pollution prevention,cleaner technologies and renewable energy,is an effective approach.This paper made an in-depth analysis on the concept of Green Employment,and on the basis of the theory of eco-efficiency,concluded that developing green employment would not only create jobs for the society,but also improve the eco-environment,with the essence that it would enhance the overall eco-efficiency for the whole industry.We designed two core assessment indicators： jobs per unit of install capacity（capita /MW） and pollution external cost per unit of install capacity（CNY /MW）,and further established an analytical approach integrating industrial chain analysis and environmental value calculation.Empirical studies were made to analyze how developing wind energy in substitute of coal-based generation would enhance the eco-efficiency of generation industry.The calculation results show that 68 × 104CNY /MW environmental external cost would be reduced and 6.6 capita / MW jobs created.We made a quantitative analysis of the value of promoting green employment and the results may serve as a scientific basis for the making of national industrial policy.

关 键 词：绿色就业 生态效率 环境价值 风电产业 

分 类 号：F407.2[经济管理—产业经济]