当代美国外来移民的学历构成分析:1965-2000年  

An Analysis of Immigrant's Education Attainment in Contemporary America:1965-2000

作　　者：梁茂信[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学美国研究所,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《史学集刊》2011年第1期98-106,共9页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"美国人才吸引战略的历史考察研究"(10BSS011)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：自1965年以来迁入美国的外来移民日渐增多,并在20世纪末期达到了历史高潮。在入境移民中,整体学历结构呈两极化趋势:即接受1-11年教育的移民和在大学学习一年以上的移民比例相对较高,而高中毕业的移民数量较少。这种状况源于美国移民政策中强调移民"家庭团聚"条款,同时也因为美国在20世纪后半期吸纳了大量难民,赦免了数百万低学历的非法移民。在各民族群体中,墨西哥和拉丁美洲移民的学历整体较低,亚洲和欧洲移民的学历较高。另一方面,高学历移民呈逐渐提高的趋势,特别是在90年代更加明显,这主要归因于美国政府加大引进外国优秀人才的政策。大量优秀人才从中国等发展中国家的流失值得重视。Since the 1965 Immigration Act became effective annual admissions of immigrants increased to a new historical record by the end of the 20th century. In terms of immigrant＇s education attainment,the proportions of immigrants who have no high school diploma and that of immigrants who have bachelors or higher degree are comparatively high whereas the number for immigrants with high-school diploma are relatively small. Such extremes originated from two factors：the first is refugees and undocumented aliens who have received government amnesty. The second is that U.S. government increased its efforts in the 1990s to encourage foreign talents to immigrate to the U.S. At the same time as more and more foreign well-educated migrants left their home country,the issue of brain drain deserves more academic attention.

关 键 词：美国 移民政策 非法移民 外来人才 

分 类 号：K712[历史地理—历史学]