贵州梵净山亮叶水青冈叶片和木材的解剖学特征及其与生态因子的关系  

Anatomical Characteristics of Leaves and Woods of Fagus lucida and Their Relationship to Ecological Factors in Mountain Fanjingshan, Guizhou, China 

作　　者：费松林[1] 方精云[1] 樊拥军[2] 赵坤 刘雪皎 崔克明[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境科学系,北京100871 [2]南开大学生命科学学院,天津300071 [3]北京大学生命科学学院,北京100871

出　　处：《Acta Botanica Sinica》1999年第9期1002-1009,共8页Acta Botanica Sinica（植物学报：英文版）

基　　金：国家杰出青年基金;国家自然科学基金重点项目

摘　　要：对生长在贵州江口梵净山海拔１２６０ ～２０２０ ｍ 的亮叶水青冈（ Ｆａｇｕｓｌｕｃｉｄａ Ｒｅｈｄ．ｅｔ Ｗｉｌｓ．） 的叶片和木材进行了生态解剖学研究。观察的指标有叶片解剖特征（ 上表皮细胞厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、下表皮细胞厚度、叶片总厚度） ，叶表面特征（ 气孔器密度、气孔器长宽、气孔器面积） 和木材解剖特征（ 导管分子长度、导管直径、导管频率、纤维长度、射线宽度、射线高度、射线频率）。经观察：１） 亮叶水青冈的叶片为正常中生型叶片，总厚度在１１９．２ ～３６４ ．３ μｍ 之间；２） 成熟的叶表面无表皮毛，气孔器密度为７２～１１３．６ 个／ｍｍ２；３） 木材为散孔材，导管密度为７５ ．２～１３３．６ 个／ｍｍ２ ，导管直径为５０．７ ～８５ ．６ μｍ ，导管分子长度为４７９ ．８ ～７４８．６ μｍ ；纤维管胞长度为９３６ ．４ ～１３２６．９ μｍ ；木射线分单列和多列射线两类，总射线频率为６～９ 根／ｍｍ 。根据利用生态气候学方法推算出的不同海拔高度气候指标，利用统计学方法，分析了各解剖特征与气候指标的关系。结果表明：１） 随着水热综合因子的增加，栅栏组织、下表皮、叶片总厚度和导管直径都呈现增加趋势；２）随着年降水量的增?An eco_anatomic study on leaves and woods of Fagus lucida Rehd. et Wils., which grows at an elevation of 1?260～2?020 m above sea level in Mountain Fanjingshan, Guizhou Province of Southwestern China, was carried out. Anatomical characteristics of leaves (including the thickness of upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, lower epidermis and lamina) and woods (vessel length, vessel width, vessel frequency, fiber length, ray width, ray height and ray frequency), and leaf surface characters (stomatal density, stomatal width and stomatal length) were determined and compared along the latitudinal gradient. As the results, 1) Lamina thickness was between 119.2 and 364.3 μm; 2) Vessel frequency 75.2～133.6 per mm 2, vessel width 50.7～85.6 μm, vessel length 479.8～748.6 μm; fiber length 936.4～1?326.9 μm; total frequency of single and multiseriate rays 6～9 per mm; 3) No solitary trichome was found on mature foliage, and the stomatal density was 72～113.6 per mm 2. Climatic indices at different altitudes were obtained by means of climatological method. Multi_statistical analysis was used to clarify the relationship between the morphological characters of the leaves and woods and climatic factors. The results showed that: 1) The thickness of palisade mesophyll, lower epidermis and lamina, and the vessel width increased with the humid/arid index (Bailey's index); 2) With an increase of annual precipitation, spongy mesophyll thickness, vessel length and fiber length increased, but vessel frequency and stomatal density decreased; 3) Morphological features of leaves were closely related to low winter temperature, namely, lamina thickness decreased with coldness index, and the stomatal size decreased as the increase of mean temperature of the coldest month.

关 键 词：亮叶水青冈 气候因子 生态解剖 海拔 多元统计 

分 类 号：S792.160.2[农业科学—林木遗传育种]