中国南方海相油气地质基本特征与有效性研究  

The basic petroleum characteristic and their effectiveness of marine sequence in southern China

作　　者：蔡立国 周雁[1] 李双建[1] 汪新伟 

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《地质科学》2011年第1期120-133,共14页Chinese Journal of Geology(Scientia Geologica Sinica)

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目01课题"中国海相碳酸盐岩层系形成与后期演化"(编号:2005CB422101)资助

摘　　要：中国南方海相沉积盆地形成演化与扬子板块的离散、聚合及同缘山系的形成密切相关,在早古生代被动陆缘发育阶段、挤压前陆盆地台内坳陷沉积盆地发育阶段及晚古生代陆内裂陷盆地发育阶段构成了现今南方海相沉积区的主要烃源岩,有效与否在于后期改造过程的演化及保存程度。在纵向上形成了上、下两个含油气组合。海相沉积经受多期次的构造运动叠加、改造,基本上均以残留盆地的面貌存在,尤其是印支运动以来的构造改造及隆升剥蚀,大部分地区遭受明显的剥蚀,因此,盆地演化改造及反转程度决定了油气富集、保存规模。现今油气勘探的重点地区应是盆地保存相对完整、后期改造相对薄弱,盖层封闭条件相对较好,尤其是区域盖层相对连续的地区。在南方海相碳酸盐岩地区进行的油气勘探实践中,从盆地演化、叠加、改造的动态过程中分析:1)原型盆地叠加改造的有效性;2)烃源岩的有效性;3)整体保存条件的有效性;4)成藏组合的有效性。尤其足在多期构造叠加改造的南方海相层系分布区,必须注重整体有效封盖保存条件研究与评价,这是现今南方海相油气聚集,油气成藏的主要因素。The formation and evolution of marine sedimentary basin has a good relation with the divergence, convergent and ambient mountains formation of Yangtze plate. Main source rock formed in margin of passive continental and depression inter-platform of foreland basin in the period of early Paleozoic and rift basin inter-craton in the period of later Paleozoic. Whether the source rocks are effectiveness or not depend on their evolution in later tectonic reformation and the content of preservation at last. There are two petroleum combinations in marine sequence southern China. The marine sediment exists as residual basin after multi-tectonic superimposed and reformation. A large part area experienced obviously erosion,since Indosinian movement up to now. The content of basin reformation controls the scale of hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation. The key exploration area should be located in good preservation basin with gentle reformation, good sealing, and regional cap rock distribution. In the procession of hydrocarbon exploration of marine sequence in southern China, the effectiveness of superimposed prototype basin, source rocks, preservation and hydrocarbon combinations should be analyzed dynamically. Especially, the marine sequence distribution area has experienced multi-tectonic superimposition and reformation, the studies and evaluations of whole preservation in these areas should be devoted more attention, which is main factor controlling present hydrocarbon accumulations.

关 键 词：南方海相 残留盆地 有效烃源岩 有效储层 有效封盖层 有效成藏系统 

分 类 号：P534[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] P736[天文地球—地质学]