东汉北魏陵寝制度特征和地位的探讨  

Characteristics and Influences of the Mausoleum System of the Eastern Han and the Northern Wei

作　　者：韩国河[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学历史学院

出　　处：《文物》2011年第1期51-58,1,共8页Cultural Relics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究2009年度课题"多元一统性到统一多样性:东周秦汉历史文化演进的考古学观察"的组成部分;郑州大学"211"三期建设项目"考古学与中原文化"的支持

摘　　要：依据最新考古发现,东汉陵寝制度相比较西汉时期发生了巨大变化,突出表现在圆丘状封土、一条长斜坡墓道的地宫、外藏系统消失以及陵寝建筑位于封土东侧或南侧、盛行同穴合葬等。洛阳北魏时期的陵寝制度除旧有习俗的因袭,很大程度上受到东汉陵寝制度的影响。考察引起这些变化的历史原因应当是东汉前期尊崇汉统而又别于汉统的双系情结以及北魏政权汉化政策的强力实施。这些都可以视为中国古代陵寝制度史上的创新与发展。According to the latest archaeological discoveries,the mausoleum system of the Eastern Han changed greatly from the Western Han.The most obvious changes include the appearance of the round earth mound,the underground palace with a long sloping passage,the mausoleum building located to the east or south of the earth mound,the disappearance of the outer burial pits,and popularization of joint burial in one pit.The mausoleum system of the Northern Wei was greatly affected by that of the Eastern Han,besides tradition.The historical reason for these changes was probably the respect of the early Eastern Han for the former Han tradition and its attempt to distinguish its own practices from those of the former Han,and the powerful enforcement of Sinicization policies of the Northern Wei government.These changes can be seen as new innovations and developments in the history of the ancient Chinese mausoleum tradition.

关 键 词：陵寝制度 东汉 特征和 北魏 文化特质 汉高祖 刘秀 西汉 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]