机械制造和陶瓷及钢铁行业接尘工人防护行为调查  

Investigation about prevention behavior for dust workers in machinery ,ceramic ,and metallurgy industry

作　　者：沈福海[1] 马庆坤[2] 肖淑玉[3] 崔凤涛[1] 孟庆迪[1] 杨秀清[1] 齐慧生[4] 范雪云[1] 姚三巧[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北联合大学预防医学系河北省煤矿卫生与安全实验室,唐山063000 [2]唐山钢铁集团有限责任公司医院 [3]唐山市疾病预防控制中心 [4]唐山市工人医院

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2011年第1期59-61,共3页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的了解接尘工人的防护行为，为接尘工人的健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用现场询问，调查员填写问卷的方法对唐山市机械制造、陶瓷、钢铁行业有代表性的3家企业的746名接尘工人进行调查。将所有数据录入计算机，整理数据后，用Excel建立数据库，应用SPSS11．5统计分析软件分析学历、工龄、培训与否等因素对防护行为的影响。结果唐山市接尘工人定期体检率和要求发放防护用品率分别为94．4％和75．3％，选择有效方式防护率较低（15．4％）。不同学历接尘工人定期体检率比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。参加过粉尘防护知识培训的接尘工人选择有效方式防护率（20．3％），定期体检率（98．3％），要求发放防护用品率（86．4％）均高于未参加过培训的接尘工人（13．9％、93．1％、71．9％），差异有统计学意义（氏0．05，P〈0．01）。不同企业接尘工人的有效防护率、定期体检率及要求发放防护用品率比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论唐山市机械制造、冶金和陶瓷行业接尘工人选择有效方式防护率普遍较低。未参加过培训的接尘工作人员选择有效方式防护率、定期体检率和要求上级发放防护用品率较低。Objective The purposes of this thesis were to study the behavior about workers exposed to dust and provide scientific basis for health promotion. Methods We designed a questionnaire and carry it on the 746 dust workers in the 3 representative corporations of Machinery, Ceramic, and Metallurgy Industry. All data were inpnt into computer. And a database was established with Excel. SPSS11.5 statistical analysis software was used to analyze the influence on protecting Behavioral between the application of qualifications, different jobs, training or protection, and other aspects etc. Results The rates were 94.4% and 75.3% about the regular physical examination and requirements for protective equipment. The rate of choosing an effective way of protection was generally low （15.4%）. There was significant difference for among different educational background workers （P〈0.01 ）. The rates of choosing an effective way of protection （20.3%）, the regular physical examination （98.3%） and requirements for protective equipment （86.4%） in the dust workers who participated in the training of dust protection were superior than those who did not participated in the training. There was the significant difference （P〈0.05 ,P〈0.01 ）. There was the significant difference for the rate of effective way of protection, regular physical examination, and requirements for protective equipment among the different corporations （P〈0.05）. Conclusions Dust workers using rate about the choosing an effective way of protection was generally low in Machinery,Ceramic,and Metallurgy Industry. Those who were not educated had a lower using rate about the protection behavior, regular physical examination, and requirements for protective equipment than those educated.

关 键 词：粉尘 呼吸防护装置 职业暴露 

分 类 号：R1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]