上海地区过敏患者皮肤点刺试验临床分析  

Clinical analysis of the skin prick test in Shanghai area

作　　者：孙立英[1] 郭胤仕[1] 王菁兰[1] 王怡玮[1] 许以平[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院呼吸科/过敏性疾病诊治中心,上海200127

出　　处：《现代免疫学》2011年第1期66-70,共5页Current Immunology

摘　　要：为了解上海地区过敏性疾病的主要过敏原,探讨过敏患者过敏原的分布情况及变化规律,收集1 407例过敏患者的皮肤点刺试验资料。结果显示,阳性率位于前五位的过敏原依次为粉尘螨64.89%、屋尘螨58.56%、热带螨40.58%、德国小蠊21.32%和美洲大蠊20.90%。以尘螨(粉尘螨、屋尘螨和热带螨)的阳性率最高。过敏患者对尘螨(粉尘螨、屋尘螨和热带螨)、蟑螂(德国小蠊和美洲大蠊)、狗毛屑、猫毛屑及虾过敏与年龄有关。呼吸道过敏性疾病患者对尘螨、蟑螂、狗毛屑、猫毛屑和花粉过敏的阳性率均明显高于过敏性皮肤病患者(P<0.05)。提示上海地区以尘螨为主要过敏原,对尘螨、蟑螂、狗毛屑、猫毛屑及虾过敏与患者年龄有关,但与性别无关。呼吸道过敏性疾病患者较过敏性皮肤病患者有更高的阳性率。To understand the predominant allergens for allergic diseases existed in Shanghai area, distributions and changes of these allergens, 1 407 allergic patients underwent skin prick test（SPT） were entered into this study. It was showed that 5 most encountered allergens with positive reactions were Dermatophagoides farinae （64.89 % ）, Dermatophagoides pteronyssi- nus（58.56%）, Blomia tropicalis （40. 58%）, Blattella germanica （21. 32%） and Periplaneta americana （20. 90%）. House dust mites, such as （D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus and Blattella germanica） demonstrated the highest positive rate. Patients allergic to house dust mites（D, farinae, D. pteronyssinus and Blattella germanica ）, cockroaches（Blattelia germanica and Periplaneta americana）, dog dander, cat dander and shrimp were all age-related. The positive rate to house dust mites, cockroaches, dog dander, cat dander and pollens in patients with respiratory allergic diseases was significantly higher than in patients with allergic skin disease（P〈0. 05）. These data indicate that house dust mites are the predominant allergens for allergic diseases in Shanghai area, and patients allergic to house dust mites, cockroaches, dog dander, cat dander and shrimp are age-related, but unrelated to sex. Patients with respiratory allergic disease had a higher positive rate than patients with allergic skin diseases.

关 键 词：过敏 过敏原 皮肤点刺试验 阳性率 

分 类 号：R392.8[医药卫生—免疫学]