围栏条件下花鼠找寻种子的途径和方式  

Study on Finding Seeds by Eutamias sibiricus in Semi-natural Enclosures

作　　者：牛可坤[1] 焦广强[1] 于飞[1] 易现峰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,洛阳471003 [2]中国科学院动物研究所农业虫鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2011年第1期45-51,共7页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：科技部"973"项目(No.2007CB109102);国家自然科学基金项目(No.30700078)

摘　　要：2009年8月和2010年8月,在黑龙江省带岭区东方红林场半天然围栏内研究了花鼠(Eutamiassibiricus)对地表放置和埋藏种子的发现过程,摸清围栏条件下花鼠找寻种子信号的途径和方式。实验步骤如下:第1天在花鼠巢区对角每释放点地表放置1粒标记种子,共30粒;第2天在巢区对角每释放点埋藏1粒标记种子,共30粒,第3天在巢区对角按1粒、2粒、3粒次序循环重复埋藏标记种子,共60粒;第4天在巢区对角每释放点埋藏1个塑料标签作为"伪种子",共30个;第5天在巢区对角每释放点埋藏1粒未标记种子,共30粒,研究花鼠对3种林木种子(红松Pinus koraiensis、平榛Corylus heterophylla和毛榛C.mandshurica)以及"伪种子"的发现率。结果表明,地表释放和埋藏对花鼠发现3种林木种子无显著影响。种子类型和埋藏点大小对花鼠发现种子具有显著影响,埋藏点越大,发现率越高。花鼠对空标签的发掘率分别为3.75%、1.67%和42.92%,说明视觉在发现种子过程的作用。花鼠在寻找自身埋藏点与人工埋藏点的标记种子发现率间差异不显著,说明空间记忆的作用在短时间内较弱。围栏条件下花鼠可依靠嗅觉和视觉的共同作用寻找种子,视觉信号可在短时间内形成,但嗅觉的作用在发现种子的过程中还是主要的。Seed recovery processes were investigated with Eutamias sibiricus in the semi-natural enclosures in Dongfanghong Forest Dailing District of Heilongjiang Province in August 2009 and 2010. In the beginning of experiments ,we constructed 16 semi-natural enclosures with one nest in each enclosure which is 10 m x 10 m x 2.5 m in size and one E. sibiricus was released in it. All the enclosures with natural vegetation were covered by net to protect the animal from predator. In the first 3 days,we laid 30 seeds of Pinus koraiensis in the center of enclosure every day to check the discovery rate for each animal. Then,we choose 8 very active one as target animal to test the seed recovery process. In the formal experiment, we laid 30 tagged seeds evenly in the half enclosure area against the nest side in the first day; buried 30 tagged seeds 2 cm depth evenly in the same region in the second day; buried 60 marked seeds alternately with 1,2 and 3 seeds in each cache in the third day to see whether cache size influences seed recovery rate. In the fourth day,we buried 30 tags only unevenly to test whether animal can locate seeds by vision ; fifth day, we buried 30 untagged seeds to see whether the animal can find seed by smell. We used three seed species （P. koraiensis, Corylus heterophylla and C. mandshurica） in this study. Our results showed no difference in seed discovery rates regardless ground surface releasing and burial. However, seed recovery rates varied significantly with seed species and cache sizes. The recovery rates of ＂false seeds＂ were 3.75% （ P. koraiensis ） , 1.67% （ C. heterophylla ） and 42.92% （ C. mandshurica ） , indicating the significance of vision. The recovery rates between handling caches and chipmunk＇ s own caches were not significantly different. These results showed that E. sibiricus rely on olfaetion and vision to recover seeds under the semi-natural enclosures and olfaction might play an important role in finding seeds.

关 键 词：花鼠 埋藏点 种子找回 红松 毛榛 平榛 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]