2009年陕西省饮水型地方性砷中毒病情监测结果分析  

Analysis of surveillance results of water-born endemic arsenism in Shaanxi province in 2009

作　　者：刘晓莉[1] 白广禄[1] 李晓茜[1] 范中学[1] 白爱梅[1] 李跃[1] 李平安[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省地方病防治研究所氟砷病室,西安710003

出　　处：《中国地方病学杂志》2011年第1期44-46,共3页Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology

基　　金：中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金地方病防治项目（2008）

摘　　要：目的 掌握陕西省饮水型地方性砷中毒病情程度及特征,为防治工作提供依据.方法 2009年在已查明的商洛、汉中2个市饮水型砷中毒病区和饮水含砷量＞0.15 mg/L的潜在砷中毒病区,选择山阳县的杜河村、庙沟村、三合村、蔡园村和镇安县的双龙村、光明村、东河口村以及勉县的郭家湾村共8个自然村作为监测点.对连续居住半年以上的居民,按照〈地方性砷中毒诊断标准〉（WS/T 211-2001）进行砷中毒病情调查;同时采集监测点水样,测定饮水含砷量.结果 8个村共调查7693人,查出砷中毒患者612人,检出率为7.96%（612/7693）,其中轻度患者占33.17%（203/612）、中度患者占50.16%（307/612）、重度患者占16.67%（102/612）.男性检出率为9.99%（408/4085）,女性检出率为5.65%（204/3608）,男性检出率高于女性（x2=49.138,P＜0.01）.年龄越大,砷中毒检出率越高（x2=770.708,P＜0.01）.患者的临床表现主要为皮肤色素脱失和皮肤色素沉着,单体症病例占43.30%（265/612）,双体症病例占56.70%（347/612）.共检测水样370份,水砷中位数为0.005 mg/L,范围为0～1.660 mg/L,水砷超标率为11.62%（43/370）.结论 陕西省饮水型地方性砷中毒病情程度总体上为轻度,但防治监测工作还需重视.Objective To know the condition and feature of water-born endemic arsenism in Shaanxi province, and to provide scientific evidences for prevention and treatment of the disease. Methods In 2009, 8 villages of Duhe, Miaogou, Sanhe, Caiyuan in Shanyang county and Shuanglong, Guangming, Donghekou in Zhen＇an county and Guojiawan in Mian county as monitoring sites from both the found water-born arsenic poisoning areas and potential ones of drinking water arsenic 〉 0.15 mg/L were selected. The disease conditions of residents who lived for more than six months of continuous residence, were investigated according to ＂Endemic Arsenism Diagnostic Criteria＂ （WS/T 211-2001 ） and arsenic level in the drinking water were determined. Results Seven thousand six hundred and ninety-three individuals were investigated and 612 cases of arsenism were diagnosed in the 8 villages, the prevalence rate was 7.96%（612/7693）. Mild patients accounted for 33.17%（203/612）, moderate patients accounted for 50.16%（307/612）, and severe patients accounted for 16.67%（102/612）. The detection rate for male was 9.99%（408/4085）, for female was 5.65%（204/3608）, the former was higher than the latter（x2 = 49.138,P 〈 0.01 ）. The older the age was, the higher the rate was（x2 = 770.708, P 〈 0.01 ）. Main clinical manifestation of the patients was depigmentation and pigmentation in skin. Patients with one symptom accounted for 43.30% （265/612）, with two symptoms accounted for 56.70% （347/612）. Three hundred and seventy drinking water samples were detected, the median of arsenism content was 0.005 mg/L, ranged 0 - 1.660 mg/L. The over-limit rate of arsenic level in the drinking water were 11.62% （43/370）. Conclusion Water-born endemic arsenism is mildly prevailing in Shaanxi province, however, great attention should be given to control and monitoring of the disease.

关 键 词：砷中毒 饮水 流行病学研究 数据收集 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学] R5[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]