山东省降氟改水工程现状调查  

Survey of water improvement project to reduce fluoride in Shandong province

作　　者：陈培忠[1] 云中杰[1] 李亨祥[1] 边建朝[1] 马爱华[1] 高红旭[1] 王玉涛[1] 高杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省地方病防治研究所地氟病防治科,济南250014

出　　处：《中国地方病学杂志》2011年第1期64-67,共4页Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology

基　　金：中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金地方病防治项目（2004-2006）

摘　　要：目的 了解山东省地方性氟中毒病区降氟改水工程现状及水氟分布.方法 2005-2007年,根据〈国家和山东省地方性氟中毒防治项目方案〉的要求,对山东省17个市全部降氟改水工程的改水形式、水源类型、运转状况进行调查;同时对尚在运转的改水工程水氟进行检测,方法为离子选择电极法.结果 山东省共建降氟改水工程5816处,分布于全省17个市110个县（市、区）,覆盖地氟病村8776个,主要为打井改水工程,占94.55%（5499/5816）,水源类型以地下水为主,达97.73%（5684/5816）;运转正常与基本正常的工程占75.91%（4415/5816）,供水村数7246个,受益人口6 946 459人,报废工程占24.09%（1401/5816）,包含病村1530个;尚在运转的4415处工程,水氟达标（≤1.0mg/L）的占65.53%（2893/4415）,水氟＞1.0 mg/L的达34.47%（1522/4415）,其中＞2.0 mg/L的548处,＞4.0 mg/L的97处,水氟最大值9.71 mg/L.结论 山东省降氟改水工程有近1/4报废停用;尚在运行的工程水氟超标严重,达1/3以上,且有97处工程水氟＞4.0 mg/L.因此亟须强化措施,增加投入,加强对降氟设施的维护、监管及水氟监测.Objective To investigate the present situation of water-improving defluoridation project and the distribution of water fluoride in fluorosis areas in Shandong province. Methods In 2005 - 2007, according to ＂The National and Shandong province Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Control＂, the water-improving form,water type and the running status of defluoridation project in 17 cities of Shandong province were investigated, and the water-fluoride of the running projects were determined by F- ion selective electrode. Results A total of 5816projects were built that involved 8776 villages, 110 counties, 17 cities distributed in Shandong province. In which,the drilling of water-improving projects accounting for 94.55% （5499/5816）, under-ground water type 97.73%（5684/5816）;operating normally accounting for 75.91% （4415/5816）, 7246 villages were supplied with the water, beneficiary population 6 946 459 people, non-normal projects accounting for 24.09%（1401/5816）, including 1530 diseased villages. There were still 4415 projects running well. The projects with water fluoride lower than 1.0mg/L were 2893, accounting for 65.53% （2893/4415）. The water fluoride higher than 1.0 mg/L accounted for 34.47%（1522/4415）, 〉 2.0 mg/L of 548, 〉 4.0 mg/L of 97, and the maximum value of water fluoride was 9.71mg/L. Conclusions Nearly 1/4 of the water-improving projects in Shandong province are abnormal. The water fluoride of the project of more than 1/3 are exceeding the standard（ 〉 1.0 mg/L） in 4415 projects, and water-fluoride of 97 projects are higher than 4.0 mg/L. More measures should be taken to strengthen the supervision of the projects and monitoring of water fluoride.

关 键 词：氟化物中毒 工程 饮水 数据收集 

分 类 号：R599[医药卫生—内科学]