两种不同截面穿河涵洞对河床冲淤的试验研究  

Experimental Study on the Impacts of Culverts Crossing the River with Two Different Sections on Riverbed Erosion and Deposition Deformation

作　　者：张鸿清[1] 杨纪伟[1] 董彦超[1] 王志国[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学水电学院,河北邯郸056038

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技》2011年第1期50-52,133,共4页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

摘　　要：为了探讨具有圆弧形截面和梯形截面穿河涵洞影响河道上游水位和河床变形的差异,试验采用物理模型对涵洞所在河道的沿程水位以及两截面涵洞上下游局部河床的冲淤进行观测。试验表明:在两来水工况下,圆弧形涵洞的上游壅水较梯形涵洞大,而其周围局部冲淤较梯形涵洞都要小;特别是在3年一遇洪水时,梯形涵洞下游附近的冲刷较圆弧形涵洞的要大的多。因此,涵洞下游的消力池应结合涵洞断面的形式来修建;而在常年来水与3年一遇洪水流量相差不大的漳河,选择圆弧形涵洞较梯形涵洞好。In order to investigate the different impacts of arc-shaped cros-section and trapezoidal cross-section culvert crossing the river on up- stream water level and riverbed deformation, a physical model test is used to measure water level along the river and riverbed erosion and deposition deformation near culverts. The results show that backwater in the upstream of the arc-shaped culvert is bigger than trapezoidal culvert, while local erosion and deposition of river bed is less than trapezoidal culvert. Particularly, the scour downstream trapezoidal culvert is much more serious than that downstream arc-shaped culvert when three-year return period flood is coming. Therefore, stilling basin downstream the culvert should be constructed according to the form of the culvert, and arc-shaped culvert is more appropriate than trapezoidal culvert in the Zhang River where the annual runoff is close to the three-year return period flood flow.

关 键 词：截面形状 河道节点 涵洞 冲淤变形 

分 类 号：TV131.61[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV149