生物腐植酸对甘草生物量和土壤腐殖质组分含量及土壤酶活性的影响  

Effect of Bio-active Humic Substance on the Biomass of Glycyrrhiza uralensis,Soil Humus Composition and Enzymatic Activities

作　　者：于江[1] 朱昌雄[1] 郭萍[1] 赵永华 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]全国医药技术市场协会,北京100044

出　　处：《草地学报》2011年第1期68-74,共7页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：农业部结构调整项目"甘草种植区产地环境技术体系研究"(06-08-02A)资助

摘　　要：新疆是我国甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)的重要产区,提高甘草产量与改善其产地环境防止土壤沙退化具有重要的社会、经济和环境效益。通过田间小区试验,研究生物腐植酸不同施用量对新疆甘草生物量、其产地土壤腐殖质组分含量和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:施用生物腐植酸可以显著提高甘草生物量(植株高度、单株地上鲜重和产量)、产地土壤腐殖质(可提取腐殖质、富里酸、胡敏酸)各组分含量以及土壤酶(脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶)活性,最佳施用量为450 kg.hm-2。种植甘草第3年其植株高度、单株地上鲜重和甘草产量分别达到80.80cm、137.5 g和18412.95 kg.hm-2,分别比对照提高8.2%,6.9%和29.1%;施用生物腐植酸后190 d时,可提取腐殖质碳、富里酸碳和胡敏酸碳含量分别达到4.15 g.kg-1,2.16 g.kg-1和1.99 g.kg-1,比对照分别提高了21.0%,17.4%和20.1%;土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性分别达到187.12 mg.kg-1.3 h-1,26.33 mg.kg-1.h-1和3.62 mL 0.1 N KMnO4.g-1.20 min-1,比对照分别提高了57.6%,20.3%和11.9%,差异均达显著或极显著水平。因此,施用生物腐植酸对于甘草产量的提高和产地环境的改善具有明显的促进作用。Xinjiang is an most important area for Glycyrrhiza uralensis production.It favors growth conditions to allow social,economical and environmental profits improving the yield of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.Further,modified soil environment of the production area prevents soil degradation and desertification.Results showed that the application of BHS significantly increases biomass of Glycyrrhiza uralensis（the height,upland fresh weight per piece and the yield）,soil humus（extractable humus,fulvic acid and humic acid） contents,and soil enzymatic activities（urease,alkaline phosphotase and catalase）.The best application rate was 450 kg·hm-2.The height,upland fresh weight per piece and yield in the third year reached 80.80 cm,137.5 g and 18412.95 kg·hm-2,increased by 8.2%,6.9% and 29.1%.The carbon content of extractable humus,fulvic acid and humic acid after application of BHS for 190 days reached 4.15 g·kg-1,2.16 g·kg-1 and 1.99 g·kg-1,improved by 21.0%,17.4% and 20.1%,respectively.The activities of soil urease,alkaline phosphotase and catalase reached 187.12 mg·kg-1·3 h-1,26.33 mg·kg-1·h-1 and 3.62 mL 0.1 N KMnO4·g-1·20 min-1,improved by 57.6%,20.3% and 11.9%,respectively.There was significant difference between the BHS treatment at the best rate and CK.Overall,the application of BHS has great effect on the improvement of Glycyrrhiza uralensis production and modification of soil environment of the production area.

关 键 词：生物腐植酸 新疆 甘草生物量 腐殖质 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S153.62[农业科学—土壤学] S154.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]