空间目标相对运动角参数的天基光学测量方法  

Measuring method of relative movement angles for space object based on space-based optical sensor

作　　者：张伟[1] 程军[1] 曹移明[1] 丛明煜[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学空间光学工程研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2011年第1期123-128,共6页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：国家863计划资助项目(2007AA1285)

摘　　要：利用在轨光学相机对空间目标进行跟踪测量,目标相对运动角参数的测量精度决定了空间目标的定轨精度。针对轴系定向原理精度差、天文定向运算量大等问题,提出了基于星图识别的天基光学定向算法。根据空间目标及参考恒星在相机焦平面上成像角的位置关系,利用参考恒星的惯性天球坐标确定目标相对视线的惯性空间角(赤经、赤纬);建立了目标视线角参数观测方程及参数解算优化模型,分析比较了方程组解析、非线性规划两种解算方法的性能,并给出了各方法的应用条件。仿真结果表明:该方法的定向测量精度明显优于轴系定向方法,定向精度提高了一个数量级;且具有计算量小、实用性强、易于在轨应用等特点。Measuring precision of relative movement angles for space object determines the orbit determination precision of space non-cooperative object markedly, which was tracked and measured by space-based optical camera. In order to solve the problems including the bad precision of the shafting orientation and the large amount calculation of the astronomical orientation, a space-based optical orientation algorithm based on the principle of star map matching was proposed in this paper. Based on the imaging angular positions of the space object and the background stars, the right ascensions and declinations of the target line of sight （LOS） were determined using the inertia celestial coordinates of reference stars. The observation equation for the angular parameters of the target LOS and the optimizing model resolving the parameters were built. The performance of equation set resolving method and non-linear programming method were analyzed and compared, and the application conditions of them were presented. The simulation experiments were accomplished. The results show that the orientation algorithm improves the measurement accuracy of the relative angle parameters remarkably, which improves by one order of magnitude compared with the shafting orientation method, and the merits of the algorithm are presented, such as small amount calculation, better practicability, easy-to-use in-orbit.

关 键 词：空间目标 天基光学测量 星敏感器 姿态确定 

分 类 号：TP75[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]