玉米远缘选系主要性状的遗传及配合力分析  

Analysis on Inheritance and Combining Ability of the Main Characters of Maize Inbred Lines Derived from Maize×Teosinte

作　　者：石海春[1] 李莹[1,2] 柯永培[1] 傅体华[1] 袁继超[1] 余学杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,四川温江611130 [2]云南文山州农科所,云南文山663000

出　　处：《玉米科学》2011年第1期14-20,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：四川省教育厅青年基金项目(07ZB062);四川省教育厅重点专项(08ZZ002);四川省应用基础研究项目(2008JY0101);四川省"十一五"玉米育种攻关项目(2006-3-16)

摘　　要：用目前生产上使用的7个骨干自交系为母本,以19个玉米远缘杂交选系为父本,按7×19不完全双列杂交模式配制133个杂交组合,分析其主要性状的配合力效应和遗传参数。配合力效应分析表明,不同材料及其不同性状的一般配合力效应表现复杂。在19个选系中,1183的单株产量、穗粗和穗行数一般配合力(GCA)效应表现突出,均为正向值最大,其次为1164、1157和1193。不同组合及其不同性状的特殊配合力(SCA)效应差异也较大,其中组合K389×1162和156×1193单株产量SCA效应较大。遗传参数研究表明,产量及产量组成性状加性效应远比非加性效应重要,在实践中应注意选用一般配合力效应较高的亲本来配制组合,此类性状中穗粗和穗行数的狭义遗传力最高,达70%以上;穗长和秃尖长相对较低,低于40%,其余性状居中,界于50%～70%。因此在实践中对穗粗和穗行数进行早代选择较为有效。One hundred and thirty-three hybrid combinations were obtained according to incomplete diallel cross mode using 7 elite maize inbred lines as female parents, and 19 inbred lines derived from distant hybridization as male parents. The combining ability and hereditary parameters of the main agronomic characters were analyzed. The analysis of combining ability effects indicated that the performance of the general combining ability was rather complicate among different inbred lines and their characters. Among 19 inbred lines derived from wide cross, line 1183 presented the highest positive GCA effect of yield per plant, ear diameter, kernels per row, and the following was line 1164, 1157 and 1193. However, different combinations and their characters showed also different SCA effects than other combinations, combinations of K389 × 1162 and 156 × 1193 exhibited high SCA effect of yield per plant. The analysis of genetic parameters indicated that the yield and its relative characters were controlled by the additive gene effects. Hence, it was not appropriate to select them at the early generation. Since the additive gene effect of yield and its component characters were far more important than their non-additive gene effect, parents with higher GCA effect should be selected to conduct combination in breeding practice. Among the yield characters, the heritability of the ear diameter and ear rows was the highest （above 70%）, while the ear length and barren ear tip length were relatively low （below 40%）, and the other characters were in the middle of 50% - 70%. Therefore, it is more effective to select ear diameter and ear rows in early generation.

关 键 词：玉米 大刍草 远缘杂交 配合力 遗传效应 

分 类 号：S513.035[农业科学—作物学]