氮肥后移对晚收夏玉米产量及氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Postponing N Application on Yield and N Absorption and Utilization of Summer Maize in Later Harvest Time

作　　者：王宜伦[1] 张许[1] 李文菊[1] 谭金芳[1] 李潮海[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学/农业部玉米区域技术创新中心,郑州450002

出　　处：《玉米科学》2011年第1期117-120,共4页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家玉米产业技术体系项目;中国-国际植物营养研究所合作项目(NMBF-HenanAU-2009)

摘　　要：采用田间试验研究氮肥后移对晚收夏玉米产量、氮素吸收分配和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,氮肥后移使夏玉米产量和氮素积累量增加,在农民习惯收获和晚收条件下分别较正常施氮增产2.11%～2.91%和7.23%～9.52%。晚收较农民习惯收获增产2.12%～6.42%,氮积累量增加1.10%～3.18%;晚收夏玉米茎和子粒氮积累量增加,而叶和其他器官中积累量减少。氮肥后移提高了夏玉米氮肥利用率和农学效率,晚收条件下氮肥利用率提高了3.52%～6.87%,氮肥农学效率提高了0.82～1.60 kg/kg。氮肥按"30%苗肥+30%大喇叭口肥+40%吐丝肥"方式施用在晚收条件下产量和氮肥利用效率最高。Field experiment was carried out to study the effects of postponing N application on yield and N absorption, allocation and N fertilizer utilization efficiency of summer maize in later harvest time. The results showed that postponing N fertilizer application could increase grain yield and N accumulation, increased yield by 2.11% - 2.91% in accustomed harvest time and 7.23% - 9.52% in later harvest time. Compared with accustomed harvest, later harvest＇s yield increased by 2.12% - 6.42%, N accumulation increased by 1.10% - 3.18%. The stem and grain N accu- mulation increased in later harvest time, while the leaves and other organs were reduced. Postponing N application increased apparent N recovery by 3.52% - 6.87% and N agronomic efficiency by 0.82 - 1.60 kg/kg in later harvest time. Based on results from this experiment, it was recommended that 30% of N fertilizer should be applied as seeding fertilizer, 30% should be applied as trumpeting stage and 40% should be applied as silking stage, the yield and N utilization efficiency were the highest in later harvest time.

关 键 词：夏玉米 氮肥 氮积累量 氮肥效率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]